Résolution CM/ResDH(2013)102
10 affaires contre Bulgarie
Exécution des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Requête
Affaire
Arrêt du
Définitif le
39084/97
YANKOV
11/12/03
11/03/04
47823/99
GEORGIEV
15/12/2005
03/07/2006
33606/05
KANEVA
13/11/2012
13/11/2012
58971/00
POPOV RADOSLAV
02/11/2006
02/02/2007
57847/00
NAVUSHTANOV
24/05/2007
24/08/2007
39270/98
BELCHEV
08/04/2004
08/07/2004
44062/98
HAMANOV
08/04/2004
08/07/2004
42987/98
VACHEV
08/07/2004
08/10/2004
29381/04
STOYCHEV
21/12/2010
21/12/2010
74792/01
RASHID No. 2
05/06/2008
05/09/2008
(adoptée par le Comité des Ministres le 6 juin 2013,
lors de la 1172e réunion des Délégués des Ministres)
Le Comité des Ministres, en vertu de l’article 46, paragraphe 2, de la Convention de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, qui prévoit que le Comité surveille l’exécution des arrêts définitifs de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (ci-après nommées « la Convention » et « la Cour »),
Vu les arrêts définitifs qui ont été transmis par la Cour au Comité dans les affaires ci-dessus et les violations constatées ;
Rappelant l’obligation de l’Etat défendeur, en vertu de l’article 46, paragraphe 1, de la Convention, de se conformer aux arrêts définitifs dans les litiges auxquels il est partie et que cette obligation implique, outre le paiement de la satisfaction équitable octroyée par la Cour, l’adoption par les autorités de l’Etat défendeur, si nécessaire :
- de mesures individuelles pour mettre fin aux violations constatées et en effacer les conséquences, dans la mesure du possible par restitutio in integrum ; et
- de mesures générales permettant de prévenir des violations semblables ;
Ayant invité le gouvernement de l’Etat défendeur à informer le Comité des mesures prises pour se conformer à l’obligation susmentionnée ;
Ayant examiné le bilan d’action fourni par le Gouvernement indiquant les mesures adoptées afin d’exécuter les arrêts y compris les informations fournies en ce qui concerne le paiement de la satisfaction équitable octroyée par la Cour (voir document DH-DD(2013)533)[1] ;
S’étant assuré que toutes les mesures requises par l’article 46, paragraphe 1, ont été adoptées ;
DECLARE qu’il a rempli ses fonctions en vertu de l’article 46, paragraphe 2, de la Convention dans ces affaires et
DECIDE d’en clore l’examen.
ACTION REPORT
on the implementation of the judgments of the ECtHR from group of cases
Yankov v. BULGARIA
List of Cases
Application
Case
Judgment of
Final on
39084/97
YANKOV
11 December 2003
11 March 2004
47823/99
GEORGIEV
15 December 2005
03 July 2006
58971/00
RADOSLAV POPOV
2 November 2006
02 February 2007
57847/00
NAVUSHTANOV
24 May 2007
24 August 2007
39270/98
BELCHEV
08 April 2004
08 July 2004
42987/98
VACHEV
08 April 2004
08 October 2004
44062/98
HAMANOV
08 April 2004
08 July 2004
74792/01
RASHID
05 June 2008
05 September 2008
29381/04
STOYCHEV
21 December 2010
21 December 2010
33606/05
KANEVA
13 November 2012
13 November 2012
The Facts
This group of cases concerns mainly the lack of an enforceable right to compensation under domestic law for detention in contravention of the provisions of Art. 5 of the Convention in situations in which the detention is not considered unlawful under domestic law (violations of Article 5§5). The cases also concern problems with detention on remand (violations of Article 5 §3 and §4) or unlawful deprivation of liberty in a psychiatric hospital (violation of Article 5§1(e)). The case of Yankov relates to inhuman and degrading treatment due to shaving of a detainee's head (violation of Article 3); disciplinary punishment of a detainee for insulting officials in the draft manuscript of a book (violation of Article 10) and lack of effective remedy in this respect (violation of Article 13).
Some of the cases concern also excessive length of criminal proceedings and lack of effective remedy in this respect (violations of Art. 6 and 13).
Individual measures
a) Payment of compensation
All compensations awarded by the European Court were duly transferred to the applicants’ accounts.
b) Termination of the criminal proceedings in the cases of Yankov and Rashid No. 2
By decree of the District Prosecutor’s Office in Plovdiv from 10 June 2008 the criminal proceedings against Mr. Todor Yankov were terminated on the basis of Article 243, para 1, p.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code (The act does not constitute a criminal offence). The reasoning for the termination is that according to the recent practice of the Supreme Court of Cassation the corpus delicti of Article 282 of the Criminal Code applies only to acts or omissions perpetrated by officials engaged in bodies of governmental authority or management. As Mr. Yankov was executive director of private companies his acts did not fall within the scope of the criminal offence regulated by art. 282 of CC. The applicant has at his disposal the opportunity to claim damages under Article 2, para 1 of the State and Municipality Responsibility for Damage Act (“SMRDA”).
The criminal proceedings concerning the applicant in the case of Rashid No. 2 ended on 16 July 2009 by a final judgment of the Supreme Court of Cassation.
c) Information concerning the applicants placed in pretrial detention
All the applicants have been released or – respectively - sentenced to a term of imprisonment.
The Government thus considers that no additional individual measures are necessary with regard to the cases in the present group.
General measures
a) Publication and dissemination of the judgments. The translations in Bulgarian of the first eight judgments in this group are available on the Ministry of Justice website at . The translations of the rest will soon be published as well.
A summary of the judgment on the case of Stoychev was published in Bulgarian on the National Institute of Justice website[2] in the monthly Bulletin of Court Practice in Human Rights, issue 5 from January 2011, page 8.
b) Violation of Article 3 due to the shaving of the applicant’s hair during his disciplinary punishment in an isolation cell
The Court noted that there had been no legal ground for this treatment (see § 116 of the judgment). The judgment has been expressly communicated to the “Execution of Punishments” General Directorate within the Ministry of Justice by letter No 99-00-90 from 02 February 2005.
The practice of shaving detainees' heads before confining them in disciplinary cells does not exist in penal establishments in Bulgaria any more. This was confirmed by a letter from 8 February 2005 by the General Director of “Execution of Punishments” General Directorate to the Ministry of Justice.
c) Violation of Article 10 due to a disciplinary punishment of a detainee for insulting officials in the draft manuscript of a book
According to Rule 46 of the regulations implementing the Execution of Punishments Act from 1969 when a prisoner's writings and appeals contain defaming and offensive language he may be subject to disciplinary and criminal punishment. On 1 June 2009 this Act and the regulations implementing it were superseded by the new Execution of Punishments and Detention in Custody Act (the “EPDCA”). The new provision of Article 90 (6) of EPDCA expressly provides that prisoners may not be subject to disciplinary punishment because of having made a request or lodged a complaint. Thus, the legal ground on which the applicant’s disciplinary punishment was based does not exist anymore.
At present confinement in isolation cell of up to 14 days may be imposed by the prison governor; while the governors of penitentiary hostels may impose confinement of up to 5 days. The General Director of the General Directorate “Execution of Punishments” may impose all punishments described in Article 101 of EPDCA (art. 104 EPDCA). The orders for disciplinary punishments issued by the prison governor may be appealed before the General Director, while the orders of the General Director may be appealed before the Minister of Justice. The appeal does not have an automatic suspensive effect, but the General Director or the Minister of Justice may decide to suspend the execution of the disciplinary punishment (art. 110 EPDCA). The orders imposing solitary confinement to a disciplinary cell are subject to appeal before the regional court (art. 111 EPDCA). The regional court has to examine the appeal within 3 days, in the presence of the detainee. The appeal does not have an automatic suspensive effect, but the court may decide to suspend the execution of the disciplinary punishment.
d) Violations concerning detention on remand (Art. 5 §3 and §4)
The measures concerning these questions have been adopted and examined by the Committee of Ministers in the context of the case Assenov and others (ResDH(2000)109), the cases of Ilijkov, Roumen Todorov and Shishkov (CM/ResDH(2007)158) and the case of Georgieva (CM/ResDH(2012)166).
e) Violations concerning placement in psychiatric hospital
The measures concerning these questions have been adopted and examined by the Committee of Ministers in the context of the Varbanov group of cases (see the final resolution CM/ResDH(2010)40).
f) Violations concerning to the right to seek compensation for detention in contravention of the provisions of Art. 5 of the Convention (Art. 5 § 5)
In 2012, the State and Municipalities Responsibility for Damages Act (“SMRDA”) was amended, the amendments entering into force on 15 December 2012. The relevant domestic legislation (article 2 (1) points 1 and 2) now provides as follows:
“(1) (Previous Article 2, amended, SG No. 43/2008, supplemented, SG No. 17/2009, amended, SG No. 98/2012) The State shall be liable for any damage inflicted on citizens by criminal investigation authorities, public prosecution authorities or court:
1. arrest, including court-ordered arrest awaiting trial, house arrest, if they were annulled, court ordered obligatory hospitalization and treatment or other involuntary medical measures, if such are annulled, as well as in all other cases of imprisonment in violation of Article 5, § 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms , signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 (ratified by act - SG, No. 66/1992) (promulgated in SG No 80/1992, as amended, No. 137/1998; No. 97/1999 and No. 38/2010) hereinafter referred to as "Convention";
2. violation of rights, protected under Article 5, § 2 - 4 of the Convention”
The new wording of the provisions ensures that all persons subject to detention in contradiction with Art. 5 of the Convention have an enforceable right to compensation even in situations in which the detention is not considered unlawful under domestic law.
g) Length of proceedings and lack of effective remedy in this respect
These questions are examined in the Kitov group of cases as well as in the action report on the Dimitrov and Hamanov pilot judgment.
The Government of the Republic of Bulgaria believes that the measures taken have fulfilled the requirements that arise from the Court’s judgment and that as a result similar violations will be prevented in the future. In view of the above the Government considers that the supervision over the present case should be discontinued and the case should be closed.
Sofia, 9 May 2013
[1] En anglais uniquement.
[2]
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy