Published on 1 June 2026
SECOND SECTION
Application no. 16047/18
Hayri BACAKLIOĞLU against Türkiye
and 153 other applications
(see list appended)
communicated on 13 May 2026
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE CASE
The applications mainly concern the applicants’ arrest and pre-trial detention, on suspicion of membership of FETÖ/PDY (an organisation described by the Turkish authorities as “Fetullahist Terror Organisation / Parallel State Structure”), in the aftermath of the attempted coup d’état which took place on 15 July 2016.
The applicants complain of a violation of Article 5 of the Convention on the basis of the following allegations (see the appended table for detailed information as to the specific complaints raised by each applicant):
- They were detained in the absence of any suspicion that they committed an offence;
- There were no relevant and sufficient reasons to justify their initial and/or continued pre-trial detention;
- The length of their pre-trial detention was excessive;
- The reviews of detention took place without a hearing, and they were not notified of the opinion of the public prosecutor on those reviews;
- Their access to the investigation files was restricted;
- The objections to their pre-trial detention or their requests for release during pre-trial period were not examined or examined belatedly;
- The decisions extending their pre-trial detention were not notified to them, or were notified with a delay, which prevented them from appealing against those decisions;
- They did not benefit from effective legal assistance and facilities to challenge their detention, having particular regard to the fact that their communication with their lawyers was monitored by the prison authorities;
- The time taken by the Constitutional Court to conduct its examination of their individual applications was excessive;
- The objections to their detention after conviction or their requests for release during the post-conviction period were not examined or examined belatedly by the appeal courts or the Court of Cassation.
QUESTIONS TO THE PARTIES
On the basis of the complaints communicated in accordance with the list in the Appendix
1. Can the applicants be considered to have been detained on the basis of “a reasonable suspicion”, for the purposes of Article 5 § 1 (c) of the Convention, that they had committed an offence (see, in particular, Fox, Campbell and Hartley v. the United Kingdom, 30 August 1990, § 32, Series A No. 182), taking into account, in particular, Article 100 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which requires “concrete evidence demonstrating the existence of strong suspicions” as to the commission of the offence?
Moreover, has the Constitutional Court based the existence of reasonable suspicion on evidence discovered after the decisions had been taken to detain the applicants (see, in particular, Baş v. Turkey, no. 66448/17, § 185, 3 March 2020)?
2. Was the applicants’ pre-trial detention compatible with the requirements of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention? In particular:
i. Did the judges, who ordered the applicants’ initial pre-trial detention and the prolongation of their detention, and who examined the objections lodged against those decisions, fulfil their obligation to provide relevant and sufficient grounds for the deprivation of liberty in question (see, in particular, Buzadji v. the Republic of Moldova [GC], no. 23755/07, § 102, 5 July 2016)?
ii. Was the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention in breach of the “reasonable time” requirement under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention?
3. Did the applicants have at their disposal an effective remedy by which they could challenge the lawfulness of their deprivation of liberty, as required by Article 5 § 4 of the Convention? In particular, the Government are invited to respond to the following complaints made by the applicants (to the extent that they concern remedies already sought at the time of the lodging of the complaints, as relevant):
i. the principle of equality of arms had not been respected, as the decisions to extend their detention and their objections to those decisions had been examined without a hearing and the prosecutors’ opinions had not been communicated to them (see, in particular, Baş, cited above, §§ 212-214, and Kocamış and Kurt v. Turkey, no. 227/13, §§ 34-35, 25 January 2022);
ii. they had been unable to challenge their detention in an effective manner because of the restriction imposed on their access to the investigation file (see, inter alia, Yüksekdağ Şenoğlu and Others v. Türkiye, nos. 14332/17 and 12 others, §§ 573-83, 8 November 2022);
iii. their objections to their detention had not been examined or had been examined belatedly (see, for example, Shannon v. Latvia, no. 32214/03, §§ 67-74, 24 November 2009);
iv. the decisions to extend their detention had not been notified to them or had been notified with a delay, which had prevented them from lodging objections against those decisions (compare, for example, Voskuil v. the Netherlands, no. 64752/01, § 83, 22 November 2007);
v. they had had no effective legal assistance or facilities to challenge their detention, having particular regard to the fact that their communication with their lawyers had been monitored (see, mutatis mutandis, Černák v. Slovakia, no. 36997/08, § 78, 17 December 2013);
vi. the time taken by the Constitutional Court to examine their individual applications had been excessive (compare for the relevant principles Kavala v. Turkey, no. 28749/18, §§ 181-184, 10 December 2019);
vii. their objections to their post-conviction detention had not been examined or had been examined belatedly (see, for example, Stollenwerk v. Germany, no. 8844/12, § 36, 7 September 2017; Filat v. the Republic of Moldova, no. 11657/16, §§ 23-36, 7 December 2021; and Yılmaz Aydemir v. Türkiye, no. 61808/19, §§ 36-37, 23 May 2023).
4. Did the compensation remedy provided under Article 141 of the Code of Criminal Procedure constitute an effective remedy, within the meaning of Article 5 § 4 of the Convention, in respect of any of the applicants’ complaints?
APPENDIX
List of cases:
No.
Application no.
Case name
Lodged on
Applicant
Year of Birth
Place of Residence
Nationality
Represented by
Complaints
16047/18
Bacaklıoğlu v. Türkiye
27/03/2018
Hayri BACAKLıOĞLU
1978
Karabük
Turkish
Elif BACAKLIOĞLU
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
17014/19
Erol v. Türkiye
08/03/2019
Seyhan EROL
1971
İzmir
Turkish
Ahmet Sinan SÜRÜCÜ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
57774/19
Ceyhan v. Türkiye
16/10/2019
Abdullah CEYHAN
1991
Samsun
Turkish
İnan UZUN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
2197/20
Kaya v. Türkiye
25/12/2019
İsa KAYA
1989
Niğde
Turkish
Özcan AKlNCI
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
2484/20
Madran v. Türkiye
24/12/2019
Sakin MADRAN
1978
Istanbul
Turkish
Emre AKARYILDIZ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Lack of hearing during the detention review
Failure/Delay in examining requests for
release/objection during pre-trial detention
26034/20
Şen v. Türkiye
25/06/2020
Hüseyin ŞEN
1985
Osmaniye
Turkish
Hanifi BAYRI
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Delay in examination by the Constitutional Court
28930/20
Gördes v. Türkiye
06/07/2020
İsmail GÖRDES
1972
Ankara
Turkish
İrem DANACIOĞLU GÜNEŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
36123/20
Aydoğan v. Türkiye
07/08/2020
Ahmet AYDOĞAN
1968
Samsun
Turkish
Betül Nur KOCADEMİR
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
8962/21
Soyaslan v. Türkiye
16/12/2020
Yunus SOYASLAN
1974
Ankara
Turkish
Lale KARADAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
9671/21
Taşkın v. Türkiye
29/01/2021
Süleyman TAŞKIN
1977
Ankara
Turkish
Sinan ŞAHİN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
10308/21
Katar v. Türkiye
02/02/2021
Fatih Kasım KATAR
1997
Istanbul
Turkish
Emre AKARYILDIZ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure/Delay to communicate decisions relating to
detention
Failure/Delay in examining requests for
release/objection during pre-trial detention
Lack/Difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
16143/21
Kır v. Türkiye
04/03/2021
İbrahim KIR
1964
Ankara
Turkish
Emir Han KIR
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
18478/21
Turna v. Türkiye
18/03/2021
Şuayip TURNA
1981
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
45400/21
Sakarya v. Türkiye
09/08/2021
Emre SAKARYA
1989
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
1450/22
Yetim v. Türkiye
21/12/2021
Coşkun YETİM
1986
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
14078/22
Barıner v. Türkiye
03/02/2022
Mehmet BARINER
1988
Ankara
Turkish
Özlem BARINER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
20509/22
Kuyrukcu v. Türkiye
08/04/2022
Mustafa KUYRUKCU
1985
Ankara
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
22879/22
Yıldırım v. Türkiye
28/04/2022
Ejder YıLDıRıM
1974
Antalya
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
39018/22
Dursun v. Türkiye
20/07/2022
Fatih DURSUN
1985
Ankara
Turkish
Celalettin DURSUN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
42189/22
Bingül v. Türkiye
19/08/2022
Aysel BİNGÜL
1990
Ankara
Turkish
Kamile ÖZBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
43854/22
Düzgün v. Türkiye
26/08/2022
Abdurrahman DÜZGÜN
1991
Mardin
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
49904/22
Bektaş v. Türkiye
10/10/2022
Abdulaziz BEKTAŞ
1974
Trabzon
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
53230/22
Demirhan v. Türkiye
12/10/2022
Erol DEMİRHAN
1970
Istanbul
Turkish
Kübra GÜLAÇTI
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
10041/23
Erdağ v. Türkiye
24/02/2023
Veysel ERDAĞ
1985
İstanbul
Turkish
Ahmet EROL
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
13231/23
Altuntaş v. Türkiye
09/02/2023
Abdullah ALTUNTAŞ
1985
Ankara
Turkish
Mevhibe ESEN ALTUNTAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
14275/23
Söylemez v. Türkiye
07/03/2023
Halit SÖYLEMEZ
1986
Adana
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
19820/23
Karakurt v. Türkiye
03/05/2023
Ahmet Sinan KARAKURT
1981
İstanbul
Turkish
Büşra Nur KALE EKINCİ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
20791/23
Mehmetoğlu v. Türkiye
12/05/2023
Enes MEHMETOĞLU
1976
Balıkesir
Azerbaijani, Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
20815/23
Özuzma v. Türkiye
08/05/2023
Ayhan ÖZUZMA
1974
Eskisehir
Turkish
İlyas ÖZKAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
26302/23
Şahan v. Türkiye
09/05/2020
Mehmet ŞAHAN
1974
Kocaeli
Turkish
Fatma ŞAHAN
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
27072/23
Çolak v. Türkiye
05/07/2023
Salih ÇOLAK
1993
İzmir
Turkish
Kadir ÖZTÜRK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
27500/23
Yıldız v. Türkiye
16/06/2023
Hıdır YILDIZ
1974
Isparta
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
32929/23
Arabacı v. Türkiye
19/07/2023
İbrahim ARABACI
1979
Manisa
Turkish
Kadir ÖZTÜRK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
35723/23
Şanverdi v. Türkiye
19/09/2023
Ömer ŞANVERDİ
1988
Hatay
Turkish
Naciye Refia ÇOKER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
42835/23
Şeker v. Türkiye
11/12/2023
Mehmet ŞEKER
1979
Düzce
Turkish
Kamile ÖZBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
3061/24
Sancılı v. Türkiye
22/01/2024
Ömer SANCILI
1986
Tokat
Turkish
Emre AKARYILDIZ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
11322/24
İlhan v. Türkiye
26/03/2024
Mehmet Faysal İLHAN
1970
Istanbul
Turkish
Muhammed Said İLHAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
25829/24
Karakaya v. Türkiye
22/08/2024
Mustafa KARAKAYA
1991
Konya
Turkish
Ayşe Sümeyra KARAKAYA
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
25958/24
Aygün v. Türkiye
27/08/2024
Oktay AYGÜN
1974
Kocaeli
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
26986/24
Erdoğan v. Türkiye
28/08/2024
Sinan ERDOĞAN
1976
Ankara
Turkish
Fatih DÖNMEZ
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
28024/24
Durmuş v. Türkiye
17/09/2024
Abdullah Alper DURMUŞ
1967
Ankara
Turkish
Ahmet Serdar GÜNEŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
28796/24
Gülen v. Türkiye
04/09/2024
Selman GÜLEN
1980
İzmir
Turkish
Fatma Vildan YIRMIBEŞOĞLU
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
31283/24
Kuzu v. Türkiye
02/10/2024
Yunus Emre KUZU
1994
Ankara
Turkish
Osman ÖZATA
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Delay in examination by the Constitutional Court
34478/24
Kara v. Türkiye
19/11/2024
Abdullah KARA
1986
Ankara
Turkish
Hamdi Kenan SEVİNÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
34675/24
Baydoğan v. Türkiye
20/11/2024
Ünal BAYDOĞAN
1988
Adıyaman
Turkish
Kamile ÖZBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
35236/24
Gültekin v. Türkiye
19/11/2024
Şevket GÜLTEKİN
1990
Istanbul
Turkish
Tarık Said GÜLDİBİ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
37068/24
Samast v. Türkiye
25/11/2024
Sinan SAMAST
1989
Istanbul
Turkish
Aslı ELMAS SAMAST
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Lack of hearing during the detention review
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
10/25
Öz v. Türkiye
16/12/2024
Hasan ÖZ
1989
Kayseri
Turkish
Ahmet Etka GÜNEYİSİ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
155/25
Şahin v. Türkiye
25/12/2024
Seyfettin ŞAHİN
1972
Istanbul
Turkish
Ahmet EROL
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
331/25
Ünaldı v. Türkiye
19/12/2024
Hayrullah ÜNALDI
1985
Konya
Turkish
Adem BAYRAKTUTAR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
397/25
Özen v. Türkiye
30/12/2024
Yasin ÖZEN
1991
Konya
Turkish
Kamile ÖZBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
612/25
Yaşar v. Türkiye
04/12/2024
Hakan YAŞAR
1980
İzmir
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
681/25
Şanlı v. Türkiye
17/12/2024
Hanife ŞANLI
1990
Bursa
Turkish
Tarık Said GÜLDIBI
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
1260/25
Işık v. Türkiye
31/12/2024
Sevcan IŞIK
1982
Ankara
Turkish
Hamide Nur ALKAÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
1265/25
Akçiçek v. Türkiye
31/12/2024
Recep AKÇİÇEK
1979
Ankara
Turkish
Hamide Nur ALKAÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
1349/25
Atasever v. Türkiye
23/12/2024
Kerim ATASEVER
2001
Bursa
Turkish
Mesut Enes AKBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
1769/25
Öztürk v. Türkiye
09/01/2025
Akın ÖZTÜRK
1952
Ankara
Turkish
Özlem BARINER
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
1798/25
Sevinç v. Türkiye
16/12/2024
Mehmet Sait SEVİNÇ
1990
Kırıkkale
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
1830/25
Yıldırım v. Türkiye
24/12/2024
Barış YILDIRIM
1989
Istanbul
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
2241/25
Çiftçi v. Türkiye
08/01/2025
Veysel ÇİFTÇİ
1987
Istanbul
Turkish
Ayşe DURMUŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
2553/25
Çalışkan v. Türkiye
06/01/2025
Cumhur ÇALIŞKAN
1971
Antalya
Turkish
Kamile KILDAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
3166/25
Topel v. Türkiye
27/12/2024
Hakan TOPEL
1992
Isparta
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
3564/25
Çelik v. Türkiye
20/01/2025
Mehmet ÇELİK
1987
Ankara
Turkish
Ayşe Nesibe YAZAR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
3775/25
Taşkan v. Türkiye
16/01/2025
Çiğdem TAŞKAN
1993
Ankara
Turkish
Emine Pınar TEKİNŞEN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
3930/25
Bingöl v. Türkiye
02/01/2025
Murat BİNGÖL
1998
Diyarbakır
Turkish
Lezgin Ahmet BAYBAŞIN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
4047/25
Yılmaz v. Türkiye
27/01/2025
Ayla YILMAZ
1975
Ankara
Turkish
Fatma Rabia GÜRDAL
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
4504/25
Şahin v. Türkiye
03/02/2025
Bilal ŞAHİN
1968
Kayseri
Turkish
Zehra KARAKULAK BOZDAĞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
4670/25
Arslan v. Türkiye
22/01/2025
Bülent ARSLAN
1992
Manisa
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
4675/25
Akdemir v. Türkiye
21/01/2025
Orhan AKDEMİR
1982
Konya
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
5306/25
Katar v. Türkiye
04/02/2025
Emine KATAR
1986
Isparta
Turkish
Bilge Kağan TOPTAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
5504/25
Bakar v. Türkiye
11/02/2025
Osman BAKAR
1983
Ankara
Turkish
Kamile ÖZBULUT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
6090/25
Çomak v. Türkiye
10/02/2025
Yeşim ÇOMAK
1992
İzmir
Turkish
Üsame İNAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
6649/25
Gülen v. Türkiye
17/02/2025
Şamil GÜLEN
1981
Manisa
Turkish
Emrullah POLAT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
6708/25
Seker v. Türkiye
18/02/2025
Mehmet Akif SEKER
1989
Konya
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
6730/25
Günaydın v. Türkiye
20/02/2025
Oktay GÜNAYDIN
1972
Ankara
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
6863/25
Gülen v. Türkiye
17/02/2025
Tavus Bin Keysan GÜLEN
1977
Sakarya
Turkish
Emrullah POLAT
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
7556/25
Sarıgül v. Türkiye
27/02/2025
Feride SARIGÜL
2025
Kayseri
Turkish
Selma AĞAR TUNÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
8284/25
Demir v. Türkiye
03/03/2025
Kenan DEMİR
1983
Ağrı
Turkish
Atıl KARADUMAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
8473/25
Akkaya v. Türkiye
25/02/2025
Zeki AKKAYA
1982
Kırıkkale
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
8576/25
Demir v. Türkiye
26/02/2025
Enes DEMİR
1990
Istanbul
Turkish
Erkam DEMİR
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
8951/25
Şanlı v. Türkiye
27/02/2025
Doğan Müzdat ŞANLI
1990
Edirne
Turkish
Zeynep Rana EKİNCİ KOÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
9039/25
Arabacı v. Türkiye
10/03/2025
İbrahim ARABACI
1979
Manisa
Turkish
Kadir ÖZTÜRK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
9435/25
Yalım v. Türkiye
04/03/2025
Ahmet Yusuf YALIM
1983
Edirne
Turkish
Ayşegül BUĞAÇAYIR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
10034/25
Önel v. Türkiye
10/03/2025
Tarık ÖNEL
1991
Ankara
Turkish
Mustafa Onur ASLAY
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
10041/25
Okuducu v. Türkiye
12/03/2025
Kürşat OKUDUCU
1978
Manisa
Turkish
Kübra GÜLAÇTI
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
10595/25
Karaca v. Türkiye
19/03/2025
Emel KARACA
1976
Kayseri
Turkish
Zehra KARAKULAK BOZDAĞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
11444/25
Yolacar v. Türkiye
17/03/2025
Hakki YOLACAR
1992
Istanbul
Turkish
Nevzat YOLAÇAR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
11506/25
Özkan v. Türkiye
08/04/2025
Alper ÖZKAN
1989
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
12014/25
Tatar v. Türkiye
28/03/2025
Aysun TATAR
1983
Yozgat
Turkish
Latife Nazlı GÜVEN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
13378/25
Türkgil v. Türkiye
11/04/2025
Ahmet Turan TÜRKGİL
1980
Ankara
Turkish
Ekrem Bahadır MERCANTAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
13601/25
Altun v. Türkiye
08/04/2025
Hasan Mutlu ALTUN
1974
Ankara
Turkish
Ömer Furkan DAĞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
13700/25
Eren v. Türkiye
17/04/2025
Münire EREN
1970
Denizli
Turkish
Özlem BARINER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
13749/25
Er v. Türkiye
14/04/2025
Selçuk ER
1983
Ankara
Turkish
Fatma Rabia GÜRDAL
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
13936/25
Karataş v. Türkiye
11/04/2025
Halil KARATAŞ
1977
Uşak
Turkish
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
14064/25
Gülen v. Türkiye
11/04/2025
Mehmet Mezher GÜLEN
1967
İzmir
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
14563/25
Parpar v. Türkiye
18/04/2025
Şakir PARPAR
1983
Antalya
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
15547/25
Açar v. Türkiye
25/04/2025
Mustafa AÇAR
1995
Istanbul
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
15913/25
Utuş v. Türkiye
25/04/2025
Kenan UTUŞ
1987
Antalya
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
16045/25
Uçan v. Türkiye
06/05/2025
Şadi UÇAN
1978
Eskişehir
Turkish
Mehmet ARSLAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
16602/25
Anıl v. Türkiye
12/05/2025
Ergün ANIL
1971
Ankara
Turkish
Nilgün ANIL
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
16604/25
Kabaağaç v. Türkiye
30/04/2025
Zülfiye KABAAĞAÇ
1978
Kütahya
Turkish
Bilge Kağan TOPTAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
16683/25
Çetinkaya v. Türkiye
29/04/2025
Doğan ÇETINKAYA
1973
Istanbul
Turkish
Gamze AKSOY
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
16713/25
Kabaağaç v. Türkiye
06/05/2025
Mustafa KABAAĞAÇ
1975
Kütahya
Turkish
Bilge Kağan TOPTAŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
16994/25
Özkip v. Türkiye
15/05/2025
Evren ÖZKİP
1980
Ankara
Turkish
Hasan TOK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
17214/25
Yıldıran v. Türkiye
08/05/2025
Mustafa YILDIRAN
1981
Istanbul
Turkish
Yadigar GÖNÜLLÜ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
18059/25
Ulu v. Türkiye
09/05/2025
Fendiye ULU
1979
Kırıkkale
Turkish
Yadigar GÖNÜLLÜ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
18672/25
Kılıçgil v. Türkiye
29/05/2025
Sultan KILIÇGİL
1987
Ankara
Turkish
Pelin EMENIR ABAZOĞLU
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
18775/25
Alaca v. Türkiye
23/05/2025
Ömer ALACA
1982
Istanbul
Turkish
Ayşe DURMUŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
19160/25
Bakırcı v. Türkiye
23/05/2025
Yasin BAKIRCI
1976
Ankara
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
19630/25
Kaplan v. Türkiye
03/06/2025
Yaşar KAPLAN
1978
Zonguldak
Turkish
Gülhis YÖRÜK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
22013/25
Yılmaz v. Türkiye
03/07/2025
Abdullah YILMAZ
1984
Istanbul
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
22292/25
Selvi v. Türkiye
16/07/2025
İsmail SELVİ
1976
Erzurum
Turkish
Zeynep UZUNALI
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
22358/25
Bağcı v. Türkiye
09/07/2025
Ahmet BAĞCI
1984
Ankara
Turkish
Hilal Tuğba YAVUZ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
22972/25
Özmen v. Türkiye
11/07/2025
Veysel ÖZMEN
1977
Antalya
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
23402/25
Özdemir v. Türkiye
11/07/2025
Ahmet ÖZDEMİR
1984
Bursa
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
24241/25
Çetin v. Türkiye
07/07/2025
Gökhan ÇETİN
1989
Van
Turkish
Nursema ÇETİN
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
24880/25
Aydın v. Türkiye
25/07/2025
Oğuz AYDIN
1975
Ankara
Turkish
Numan ZEMHERİ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
26088/25
Erdoğan v. Türkiye
06/08/2025
Metin ERDOĞAN
1980
Istanbul
Turkish
Ayşe DURMUŞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
Lack/difficulties of legal assistance/other facilities
Lack of hearing during the detention review
28709/25
Koç v. Türkiye
19/08/2025
Fatih KOÇ
1978
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
30048/25
Erol v. Türkiye
29/08/2025
Mehmet EROL
1975
Erzurum
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
30590/25
Yılmaz v. Türkiye
19/09/2025
Özay YILMAZ
1973
Van
Turkish
Nihal GÜREŞCİ
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
31001/25
Durak v. Türkiye
25/09/2025
Velican DURAK
1997
Istanbul
Turkish
Safiyye Nur SABUNCU KARAKURT
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
31516/25
Semizer v. Türkiye
24/09/2025
Turan SEMİZER
1964
Ankara
Turkish
İbrahim SEMİZER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
32344/25
Canpolat v. Türkiye
26/09/2025
Kadir CANPOLAT
1969
İzmir
Turkish
Zeynep UZUNALI
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
32775/25
Sönmez v. Türkiye
30/09/2025
Fevzi SÖNMEZ
1990
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
33266/25
Arcan Sözüer v. Türkiye
01/10/2025
Fikriye ARCAN SÖZÜER
1965
Aydın
Turkish
Levent MAZILIGÜNEY
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
Lack of hearing during the detention review
33922/25
Koltarla v. Türkiye
13/10/2025
Osman KOLTARLA
1976
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
34627/25
Işık v. Türkiye
21/10/2025
Yücel IŞIK
1960
Denizli
Turkish
Süeda KADIOĞLU
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
34745/25
Akgün v. Türkiye
14/10/2025
Ahmet AKGÜN
1966
Ankara
Turkish
Elif Nurbanu OR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
35271/25
Çiftçi v. Türkiye
20/10/2025
Zafer ÇİFTÇİ
1981
Antalya
Turkish
Refia ATALAY ÇOKER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
35302/25
Işık v. Türkiye
21/10/2025
Huzeyfe IŞIK
1989
Denizli
Turkish
Süeda KADIOĞLU
Lack of reasonable suspicion
35617/25
Aydin v. Türkiye
24/10/2025
Cengiz AYDIN
1964
SEE REP. ADDRESS
Turkish
Nur Seda AYDIN TEKIN
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
36184/25
Karaca v. Türkiye
27/10/2025
Gökhan KARACA
1974
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
36266/25
Şahin v. Türkiye
30/10/2025
Erol ŞAHİN
1987
Samsun
Turkish
Raziye Rana AKSOY
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
36582/25
Turan v. Türkiye
07/11/2025
Enes TURAN
1993
Malatya
Turkish
Mehmet Ali ATAK
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
36676/25
Danacı v. Türkiye
03/11/2025
Fatih DANACI
1994
Çorum
Turkish
Tarık AVŞAR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
36705/25
Kayır v. Türkiye
31/10/2025
Huseyin KAYIR
1977
Erzurum
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
38313/25
Yavuzarslan v. Türkiye
04/11/2025
Hüseyin Avni YAVUZARSLAN
1980
Ankara
Turkish
Elif Nurbanu OR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
38491/25
Polat v. Türkiye
10/11/2025
Ömer POLAT
1990
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
38515/25
Dayanır v. Türkiye
11/11/2025
Nihat DAYANIR
1982
Uşak
Turkish
Tuğba AYGUR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
38763/25
Dayanır v. Türkiye
11/11/2025
Nagihan DAYANIR
1984
Uşak
Turkish
Tuğba AYGUR
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
39045/25
Karaahmetoğlu v. Türkiye
18/11/2025
Ali KARAAHMETOĞLU
1989
Ankara
Turkish
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
39259/25
Serttaş v. Türkiye
21/11/2025
Nuriye SERTTAŞ
1964
Hatay
Turkish
Dudu ERTUNÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
Lack of hearing during the detention review
Failure/Delay to communicate decisions relating to
detention
39551/25
Eraslan v. Türkiye
27/11/2025
Harun ERASLAN
1985
Ankara
Turkish
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
191/26
Coban v. Türkiye
26/11/2025
Hilal COBAN
1988
Ankara
Turkish
Emine Pınar TEKİNŞEN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
451/26
Kahraman v. Türkiye
05/12/2025
Fatih KAHRAMAN
1982
Istanbul
Turkish
İbrahim AKSOY
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
508/26
Kocaman v. Türkiye
28/11/2025
Fatma Betül KOCAMAN
1987
Ankara
Turkish
Levent KOCAMAN
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
Lack of hearing during the detention review
979/26
Yağcı v. Türkiye
06/11/2025
Ertekin YAĞCI
1978
Kocaeli
Turkish
Elvan BAĞ CANBAZ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Restriction of access to the investigation file
1013/26
Atlı v. Türkiye
31/10/2025
Yakup ATLI
1978
İzmir
Turkish
İlknur ATLI
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
1833/26
Bozdemir v. Türkiye
05/12/2025
Süleyman BOZDEMİR
1983
Istanbul
Turkish
Enes Malik KILIÇ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
2419/26
Şahin v. Türkiye
22/12/2025
Mustafa ŞAHİN
1980
Konya
Turkish
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure/delay in examining requests for release/objection during post-conviction detention
4059/26
Akgün v. Türkiye
19/12/2025
Ahmet AKGÜN
1966
Ankara
Turkish
Zehra KARAKULAK BOZDAĞ
Lack of reasonable suspicion
Length of pre-trial detention
Lack of relevant and sufficient reasons for detention
Failure to communicate the prosecutor’s opinion
Lack of hearing during the detention review
Restriction of access to the investigation file
5466/26
Demir v. Türkiye
11/12/2025
Betül Fatma DEMİR
1981
Denizli
Turkish
Furkan GÜLER
Lack of reasonable suspicion
7272/26
Altınsoy v. Türkiye
13/01/2026
Bünyamin ALTINSOY
1981
Turkish
Yadigar GÖNÜLLÜ
Lack of reasonable suspicion