THIRD SECTION
CASE OF BELSKIY AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 11318/18 and 7 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
25 February 2021
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Belskiy and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Darian Pavli, President,
Dmitry Dedov,
Peeter Roosma, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 4 February 2021,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAWJOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6. The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 5 § 3
“3. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”
7. The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000‑XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006‑X, with further references).
8. In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012, the Court has already found a violation in respect of the issues similar to those in the present case.
9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive.
10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
11. In applications nos. 11318/18, 42491/18, 56059/18 and 30706/19, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts), concerning placement in a metal cage during court hearings, and Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, 22 May 2012, in the part concerning poor conditions of transport to and from the courthouse and the lack of speedy review of pre-trial detention.REMAINING COMPLAINTS
12. In applications nos. 11318/18, 42491/18 and 31979/19, the applicants also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention.
13. The Court has examined these applications and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of applications nos. 11318/18, 42491/18 and 31979/19 must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
14. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19 December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
16. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,Decides to join the applications;Declares the complaints concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of the applications nos. 11318/18, 42491/18 and 31979/19 inadmissible;Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention;Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 25 February 2021, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Liv TigerstedtDarian Pavli
Acting Deputy RegistrarPresident
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention
(excessive length of pre-trial detention)
No
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Representative’s name and location
Period of detention
Court which issued detention order / examined appeal
Length of detention
Specific defects
Other complaints under well-established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)[1]
11318/18
15/02/2018
Vladimir Aleksandrovich BELSKIY
1964
15/03/2017 to
23/11/2017
Priozerskiy City Court of Leningrad Region,
Leningrad Regional Court,
Primorskiy District Court of St Petersburg,
St Petersburg City Court
8 months and 9 days
Fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding.
Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - 23/11/2017, Priozerskiy City Court of Leningrad Region.
9,750
42491/18
27/08/2018
Vsevolod Sergeyevich LOSEV
1987
Tretyak Tatyana Aleksandrovna
Gelendzhik
09/12/2016 to
01/11/2019
03/11/2020
pending
Gelendzhik Town Court,
Krasnodar Regional Court
More than 3 years and 1 month and 7 days
Use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; fragility of the reasons employed by the courts.
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport in a van on multiple occasion between the detention facilities and the Gelendzhik Town Court and the Krasnodar Regional Court from 10/12/2016 onwards; proceedings still pending; transport on-going; extremely cramped conditions; restricted access to toilet; lack of fresh air and natural light;
Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - detention in a metal cage during the detention, pre-trial and trial hearings held at the Gelendzhik Town Court on numerous occasions from 10/12/2016 onwards (last time on 25/07/2018); proceedings are still pending.
9,750
56059/18
13/11/2018
Shamil Khazhgaliyevich SHARIPOV
1977
04/02/2015 to
30/07/2018
Kirovskiy District Court of Ufa, Supreme Court of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Privolzhskiy District Military Court
3 years and 5 months and 27 days
Fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport;
Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport of the applicant between the detention facility and the court house on numerous occasions from 18/09/2017 to 30/07/2018; 0.3 sq. m of personal space; transport by van and detention in convoy and transit cells; lack of ventilation, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of privacy for toilet, overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack or inadequate furniture, no or restricted access to toilet, passive smoking.
6,100
26595/19
06/05/2019
Mikhail Anatolyevich MITROSHCHUK
1979
11/09/2017 to
31/05/2019
Zheleznodorozhnyy District Court of Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk Regional Court
1 year and 8 months and 21 days
Failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; fragility of the reasons employed by the courts.
2,500
30706/19
29/05/2019
Vadim Sergeyevich KOMORNIKOV
1988
26/10/2017 to
24/10/2019
Supreme Court of the Komi Republic
1 year and 11 months and 29 days
Fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice.
Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention – 46 days of appellate review of the detention order (Appellate Decision of the Supreme Court of the Komi Republic of 01/04/2019 against the detention order of 12/02/2019).
3,400
30714/19
24/05/2019
Leonid LIGER
1976
Sukhareva Tatyana Viktorovna
Moscow
07/07/2016
to
19/08/2019
Kanavinskiy District Court of Nizhniy Novgorod; Nizhegorodskiy District Court of Nizhniy Novgorod; Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court
3 years and 1 month and 13 days
Fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; as the case progressed failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
4,200
31979/19
05/06/2019
Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich USHAKOV
1983
Avanesyan Aleksey Viktorovich
Krasnodar
08/10/2018 to
04/07/2019
Oktyabrskiy District Court of Krasnodar; Krasnodar Regional Court
8 months and 27 days
Failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; the applicant is charged with misuse of funds - "white collar" type of crime; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding.
1,300
37174/19
23/05/2019
Saitgaray Zakir ogly KAMALEYEV
1991
08/10/2016 to
03/06/2019
Novo-Savinskiy District Court of Kazan,
Sovetskiy District Court,
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic
2 years and 7 months and 27 days
Fragility of the reasons employed by the courts; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention; collective detention orders; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding as the case progressed.
3,600
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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