FOURTH SECTION
CASE OF BUZIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 65015/19 and 20 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
23 November 2023
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Buzin and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Branko Lubarda, President,
Armen Harutyunyan,
Ana Maria Guerra Martins, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 2 November 2023,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention and Protocols thereto.
THE LAWJOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.Jurisdiction
6. The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68‑73, 17 January 2023).ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 of the Convention
7. The applicants complained principally of the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative‑offence proceedings. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
8. In the leading case of Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, 20 September 2016, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints.
9. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
10. Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and the Protocols thereto, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention and the Protocols thereto in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018; Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018; Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019; and Teslenko and Others v. Russia, nos. 49588/12 and 3 others, §§ 72-74 and 81-82, 5 April 2022, concerning various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty, and Tsvetkova and Others, cited above, §§ 179-91, and Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, concerning the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal in the administrative-offence proceedings.REMAINING COMPLAINTS
11. In view of the above findings, the Court considers that there is no need to examine separately the applicants’ complaints under Article 6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of the fairness of the administrative offence proceedings.APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
12. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
13. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Kuratov and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 24377/15 and 2 others, 22 October 2019), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,Decides to join the applications;Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022;Declares the complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the absence of the prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings and the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law (see appended table), admissible, and finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints of the applicants under Article 6 of the Convention;Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in the administrative-offence proceedings;Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 23 November 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Branko Lubarda
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention
(lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of the prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Representative’s name and location
Penalty
Date of final domestic decision
Name of court
Other complaints under well-established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)[1]
65015/19
05/12/2019
Konstantin Andreyevich
BUZIN
1978
fine of RUB 15,000
28/08/2019, Moscow City Court
1,000
27436/21
27/04/2021
Denis Vladimirovich VASILENKO
1989
Aleksey Valeryevich
Vlasov
Tula
administrative detention of 3 days
administrative detention of 8 days
27/10/2020,
Tula Regional Court
20/10/2021,
Tula Regional Court
1,000
29209/21
17/05/2021
German Aleksandrovich KOBYCHEV
1998
Konstantin Aleksandrovich
Markin
Velikiy Novgorod
fine of RUB 5,000
19/11/2020, Tsentralnyy District Court of Sochi
1,000
1430/22
14/12/2021
Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich TOPOROV
1989
fine of RUB 30,000
suspension of the driving licence for 1 year and 6 months
13/09/2021, Isakogorskiy District Court of Arkhangelsk
1,000
3175/22
24/12/2021
Sergey Vladimirovich GORLOV
1978
Valeriy Viktorovich
Kanayev
Diveyevo
fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for 1 year and 6 months
27/07/2021, Ardatovskiy District Court of the Nizhniy Novgorod Region
1,000
3507/22
22/12/2021
Andrey Yuryevich PODKIDYSHEV
1960
Andrey Yevgenyevcich
Shchukin
Nizhniy Tagil
fine of RUB 2,000,
administrative detention of 12 days
25/11/2021, Sverdlovsk Regional Court
03/03/2022, Sverdlovsk Regional Court
Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty – arrest and escorting to the police station on 18/11/2021, detention in excess of 3 hours
3,900
4501/22
10/01/2022
Dmitriy Olegovich MOREV
2001
Ivan Yuryevich
Zhdanov
Vilnius
fine of RUB 10,000
31/08/2021, Voronezh Regional Court
Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 21/04/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence
3,900
16125/22
26/02/2022
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich KOCHKIN
1988
Valeriy Viktorovich
Kanayev
Diveyevo
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence
15/02/2022, Diveyevskiy District Court of the Nizhniy Novgorod Region
1,000
24461/22
05/03/2022
Ruslan Gennadyevich OVSYANNIKOV
1983
fine of RUB 1,000
02/11/2021,
Saratov Regional Court
1,000
29895/22
06/05/2022
Sergey Vladimirovich SHESHENIN
1970
Valeriy Viktorovich
Kanayev
Diveyevo
fine of RUB 30,000
suspension of driving licence for
1 year and
6 months
26/04/2022, Diveyevskiy District Court of the Nizhniy Novgorod Region
1,000
30994/22
08/06/2022
Aleksandr Anatolyevich PRIKHOZHDENKO
1993
Timofey Borisovich
Ushakov
Kokoshkino
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year and 6 months
09/12/2021, Moscow City Court
1,000
32764/22
11/06/2022
Aleksandr Anatolyevich RYBKOV
1974
Aleksey Borisovich
Vologin
Volsk
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year
21/01/2022, Shchelkovskiy District Court of the Moscow Region
1,000
34291/22
30/06/2022
Aleksandr Yevgenyevich AKIMOV
1995
Aleksandr Yevgenyevich
Ushakov
Kokoshkno
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year
02/03/2022, Butyrskiy District Court of Moscow
1,000
36331/22
18/07/2022
Grigoriy Vladimirovich ALEYNIKOV
1988
Anna Yevgenyevna
Bochilo
Barnaul
administrative detention of 10 days
21/03/2022, St Petersburg City Court
Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 27/02/2022 in excess 3 hours for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of the administrative offence, the applicant was released on the following day;
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - the sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant on 16/03/2022 was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the Code of Administrative Offences (CAO).
3,900
38591/22
07/07/2022
Mariya Vladimirovna KRIVENKO
1989
Irina Vladimirovna
Gak
Rostov-on-Don
administrative detention of 10 days
11/03/2022,
Rostov Regional Court
Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest and detention on 06/03/2022 in excess of 3 hours for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence, the applicant was released on the following day,
Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - the sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant on 07/03/2022 was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO.
3,900
38786/22
25/07/2022
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich GONCHARUK
1981
fine of RUB 30,000, suspension of the driving licence for
1 year and
6 months
25/01/2022, Bureyskiy District Court of the Amur Region
1,000
39360/22
22/07/2022
Viktor Yevgenyevich YASINOVSKIY
1989
Aleksey Borisovich
Vologin
Volsk
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year and
8 months
19/05/2022, Bazarno-Karabulakskiy District Court of the Saratov Region
1,000
39365/22
22/07/2022
Andrey Viktorovich GALKIN
1983
Aleksey Borisovich
Vologin
Volsk
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year and
7 months
18/04/2022,
Volsk District Court of the Saratov Region
1,000
45216/22
05/09/2022
Anastasiya Yevgenyevna AGEYEVA
1998
Vladimir Sergeyevich
Nemanov
Moscow
administrative detention of 15 days
05/05/2022,
Moscow City Court
Art. 5 (1) - unlawful deprivation of liberty - arrest and detention on 29-30/04/2022 in excess of 3 hours for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence
3,900
50884/22
15/10/2022
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich BOBOSHKO
1985
fine of RUB 30,000,
suspension of the driving licence for
1 year and
7 months
12/07/2022,
Volsk District Court of the Saratov Region
1,000
1412/23
22/12/2022
Nikolay Aleksandrovich TISHKIN
1985
Aleksey Borisovich
Vologin
Volsk
fine of RUB, 30,000, suspension of the driving license for
1 year and
6 months
15/09/2022, Military Court of the Central Circuit
1,000
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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