THIRD SECTION
CASE OF DUKHANIN AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 2349/06 and 7 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
12 October 2017
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Dukhanin and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Luis López Guerra, President,
Dmitry Dedov,
Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 21 September 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law.
THE LAW
I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 AND ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION AND OF ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL No. 1
6. The applicants complained principally of the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions given in their favour and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention and on Article 1 of Protocol No. 1, which read as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by [a] ... tribunal ...”
Article 13
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”
7. The Court reiterates that the execution of a judgment given by any court must be regarded as an integral part of a “hearing” for the purposes of Article 6. It also refers to its case-law concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of final domestic judgments (see Hornsby v. Greece, no. 18357/91, § 40, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997‑II).
8. In the leading case of Gerasimov and Others v. Russia, no. 29920/05 and 10 others, 1 July 2014, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9. Having regard to the nature of the judicial awards in the applicants’ favour (see the appended table for details of court orders), the Court considers that the applicants had, by virtue of these judgments, a “legitimate expectation” to acquire a pecuniary asset, which was sufficiently established to constitute a “possession” within the meaning of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the authorities did not deploy all necessary efforts to enforce fully and in due time the decisions in the applicants’ favour.
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention.
12. The applicants also complained under Article 13 of the Convention about the lack of an effective domestic remedy in respect of the non‑enforcement. The Court has already noted the existence of a new domestic remedy against the non-enforcement of domestic judgments imposing obligations of a pecuniary and non-pecuniary nature on the Russian authorities, introduced in the wake of the pilot judgment, which enables those concerned to seek compensation for damage sustained as a result of excessive delays in the enforcement of court judgments (see Kamneva and Others v. Russia (dec.), no. 35555/05 and 6 others, 2 May 2017). Even though the remedy was – or still is – available to the applicants, the Court reiterates that it would be unfair to request the applicants whose cases have already been pending for many years in the domestic system and who have come to seek relief at the Court, to bring again their claims before domestic tribunals (see Gerasimov and Others, cited above, § 230).
13. However, in the light of the adoption of the new domestic remedy, the Court, as in its previous decisions, considers that it is not necessary to examine separately the admissibility and merits of the applicants’ complaint under Article 13 in the present cases (see, for a similar approach, Kamneva and Others, cited above, and, mutatis mutandis, Tkhyegepso and Others v. Russia, no. 44387/04 and 11 others, §§ 21-24, 25 October 2011). This ruling is without prejudice to the Court’s future assessment of the new remedy.
III. REMAINING COMPLAINT
14. In application no. 75585/11, the applicants also raised another complaint under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention concerning the alleged non-enforcement of yet another judgment.
15. The Court has examined the application and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matter complained of is within its competence, this complaint either does not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or does not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
16. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
17. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law, and insofar as claims for just satisfaction were lodged by the applicants (see, in particular, Gerasimov and Others v. Russia, nos. 29920/05 and 10 others, §§ 187-200, 1 July 2014; and Korotyayeva and Others v. Russia, nos. 13122/11 and 2 others, 27 June 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
18. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
19. The Court further notes from the Government’s submissions that the domestic judgments in certain applications have remained unenforced to date (see the appended table). The State’s obligation to enforce those judgments is not in dispute. The Court considers that the respondent State has an outstanding obligation to secure, by appropriate means, enforcement of the judgment in the applicants’ favour (see Pridatchenko and Others v. Russia, nos. 2191/03 and 3 others, § 68, 21 June 2007, and Salikova v. Russia, no. 25270/06, § 83, 15 July 2010).
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1. Decides to join the applications;
2. Declares the complaints concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions admissible, and the remainder of the application no. 75585/11 inadmissible;
3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions;
4. Decides that it is not necessary to examine the admissibility and merits of the applicants’ complaint under Article 13 of the Convention;
5. Holds that the respondent State shall ensure, by appropriate means, within three months, the enforcement of the pending domestic decisions referred to in the appended table;
6. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
7. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claims for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 12 October 2017, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Liv TigerstedtLuis López Guerra
Acting Deputy RegistrarPresident
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1
(non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant name
Date of birth
Date of registration
Representative name and location
Relevant domestic decision
Start date of non-enforcement period
End date of non-enforcement period
Length of enforcement proceedings
Domestic order
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses
per applicant
(in euros)[1]
Amount awarded for costs and expenses per application
(in euros)[2]
2349/06
17/12/2005
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dukhanin
10/06/1957
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Town Court, 26/10/2005
27/12/2005
10/04/2008
2 year(s) and 3 month(s) and 15 day(s)
" ... [the Town Administration] to provide [the applicant] with housing..."
0
2,200
40373/06
21/07/2006
Alevtina Gennadyevna Semenova
08/08/1955
Mariinsko-Posadskiy District Court of the Republic of Chuvashiya, 06/07/2005
29/08/2005
pending
More than 11 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 25 day(s)
" ... Mariinsko-Posadskaya Town Administration ... to provide [the applicant] with housing... "
0
9438/08
19/12/2006
Vladimir Alekseyevich Maltsev
21/07/1961
Kaporin Andrey Vladimirovich
St Petersburg
Oktyabrskiy District Court of
St. Petersburg, 31/10/2005
11/11/2005
pending
More than 11 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 13 day(s)
"... [the bailiff service] to provide [the applicant] with [uniform] ...
0
39377/08
24/07/2008
Ooo Pravovaya Sluzhba Profsoyuzov
Kirovskiy District Court of Ekaterinburg, 18/01/2002
29/01/2002
pending
More than 15 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 26 day(s)
return property to [the applicant]
6,655
58421/08
25/10/2008
Alla Ivanovna Vinokurtseva
26/11/1935
Cheremushkinskiy District Court of Moscow, 30/01/2006
10/02/2006
pending
More than 11 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 15 day(s)
Administration of the District "Konkovo" to return a metal construction [to the applicant]
0
57878/09
10/10/2009
Igor Valeryevich Minin
09/06/1962
Kemskiy Town Court of the Republic of Karelia, 25/05/2009
14/07/2009
30/09/2010
1 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 17 day(s)
"... [the Administration of the Krivoporozhskoe village] to provide [the applicant] with [housing] ... "
1,000
75585/11
15/11/2011
Household
Khamzat Magometovich Buzurtanov
08/07/1951
Lemka Magametovna Buzurtanova
09/08/1965
Magasskiy District Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, 05/05/2010
Magasskiy District Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, 05/05/2010
26/08/2010
02/09/2010
17/11/2011
1 year(s) and
2 month(s) and
23 day(s)
17/11/2011
1 year(s) and
2 month(s) and
16 day(s)
"...The Interregional Department of the Federal Migration Service to recalculate the amount of state support provided to [the applicants] according to the average market cost of 1 square meter..."
1,000
32131/13
07/12/2012
Galina Alekseyevna Zhivets
28/06/1955
Khorolskiy District Court of the Primorye Region, 27/09/2010
25/11/2010
pending
More than 6 year(s) and 8 month(s)
"... the Administration of the Khorolskiy Municipal District of the Primorye Region is to carry out a capital repair of the roof, including a complete replacement of the roof membrane and a cement-sand screed; a capital repair of sewerage pipes, of central heating pipes (the faucet, locking bar, relief faucets); a capital repair of cold and hot water pipes (faucets, locking bars), of the in-house power-supply system, including the lighting network, circuit breaker panels and switchboards located in basements and on stairwells, as well as electric counters located on stairwells; a capital repair of the facade, including restoration of seams’ waterproofing. The above works are to be carried out within six months starting from the day on which the present judgment becomes effective."
6,000
[1]. Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
[2]. Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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