FIRST SECTION
CASE OF ŁACIAK v. POLAND
(Application no. 18592/19)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
15 December 2022
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Łaciak v. Poland,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Ivana Jelić, President,
Krzysztof Wojtyczek,
Erik Wennerström, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 24 November 2022,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in an application against Poland lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on 4 March 2019.
2. The Polish Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the application.
THE FACTS
3. The applicant’s details and information relevant to the application are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicant complained of the excessive length of criminal proceedings and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law.
THE LAW
ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 AND ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION5. The applicant complained that the length of the criminal proceedings in question had been incompatible with the “reasonable time” requirement and that he had no effective remedy in this connection. He relied on Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention, which read as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of ... any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a ... hearing within a reasonable time by [a] ... tribunal...”
Article 13
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”
6. The Government raised a preliminary objection that the present application concerns the same set of proceedings and had already been subject of examination in the application no. 23090/15 lodged by the same applicant. The applicant contested the Government’s assertion and stated that the two sets of proceedings against him, on different charges, have been pending simultaneously before different courts.
7. From the information provided by the Government it appears that the proceedings complained of by the applicant in the current application bear substantial differences with the one complained of in application no. 23090/15. In particular, they were pending before different courts, judgements were given at different dates, the cases had different case numbers and the applicant was charged on different dates. The Court therefore has no basis to conclude that the applicant had already complained about the set of criminal proceedings concerning burglary which is the subject matter of the current application. The objection must therefore be dismissed.
8. Secondly, the Government raised a preliminary objection that the applicant can no longer be considered a “victim”, within the meaning of Article 34 of the Convention of a violation of his right to a hearing within a reasonable time since he had been awarded 8,800 Polish zlotys (PLN). The Court notes that this issue falls to be determined in the light of the principles established under the Court’s case-law (see Cocchiarella v. Italy [GC], no. 64886/01, §§ 69‑107, ECHR 2006‑V, and Scordino v. Italy (no. 1) [GC], no. 36813/97, §§ 178‑213, ECHR 2006‑V). The applicant disagreed and considered that the award he had obtained domestically had not been satisfactory.
9. The Court notes that the Katowice Court of Appeal analysed the course of the impugned proceedings in the light of the criteria which the Court itself applies. On two occasions it concluded that there had been delays for which the domestic authorities should be held responsible, that the applicant’s right to a hearing without unjustified delay had been breached and awarded him the equivalent of 2,000 euros (EUR) in respect of the length of the proceedings. The Court finds that the redress provided to the applicant at domestic level, considered on the basis of the facts of which he complains before the Court, was insufficient (see Janulis v. Poland, no. 31792/15, § 22, 16 January 2020, with further examples). In these circumstances, the argument that the applicant has lost his victim status cannot be upheld.
10. The Court reiterates that the reasonableness of the length of proceedings must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of the case and with reference to the following criteria: the complexity of the case, the conduct of the applicant and the relevant authorities and what was at stake for the applicant in the dispute (see, among many other authorities, Pélissier and Sassi v. France [GC], no. 25444/94, § 67, ECHR 1999‑II, and Frydlender v. France [GC], no. 30979/96, § 43, ECHR 2000‑VII).
11. In the leading case of Rutkowski and Others v. Poland, nos. 72287/10 and 2 others, 7 July 2015 the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
12. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of justifying the overall length of the proceedings at the national level. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the proceedings was excessive and failed to meet the “reasonable time” requirement.
13. The Court further notes that the applicant did not have at his disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints.
14. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 and of Article 13 of the Convention.
APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION15. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
16. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Rutkowski and Others, cited above), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sum indicated in the appended table.
17. The Court further considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
Declares the application admissible;Holds that this application discloses a breach of Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of criminal proceedings and lack of an effective domestic remedy in that regard;Holds(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicant, within three months, the amount indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amount at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 15 December 2022, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Ivana Jelić
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
Application raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention
(excessive length of criminal proceedings and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law)
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Start of proceedings
End of proceedings
Total length
Levels of jurisdiction
Domestic decision on complaint under
the 2004 Act
Domestic award
(in Polish zlotys)
Amount awarded for non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)[1]
18592/19
04/03/2019
Szczepan ŁACIAK
1973
31/05/2006
pending
More than 16 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 21 day(s)
2 level(s) of jurisdiction
Katowice Court of Appeal,
06/02/2013, II S 81/12, PLN 4,000
22/01/2019, II S 55/18, PLN 4,800
12,200
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicant.