THIRD SECTION
CASE OF MALYSHEV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 9209/11 and 8 others - see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
10 December 2020
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Malyshev and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Darian Pavli, President,
Dmitry Dedov,
Peeter Roosma, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 19 November 2020,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAWJOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION
6. The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 5 § 3
“3. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”
7. The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000‑XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006‑X, with further references).
8. In the leading case of Dirdizov v. Russia, no. 41461/10, 27 November 2012, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive.
10. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
11. In applications nos. 9209/11, 23736/17, 69128/17 and 24901/18, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts), concerning placement of applicants in a metal cage during court hearings; Idalov v. Russia [GC], no. 5826/03, 22 May 2012, related to lack of speedy review of detention matters; Khodorkovskiy v. Russia, no. 5829/04, 31 May 2011, and Svipsta v. Latvia, no. 66820/01, ECHR 2006‑III (extracts), regarding lack of legal assistance in detention hearings.REMAINING COMPLAINTS
12. In some applications the applicants also complained under Article 5 § 1 of the Convention about excessively lengthy detention in violation of domestic law. Having regard to the facts of the cases, the submissions of the parties, and its findings under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, the Court considers that it has examined the main legal questions raised in the present applications with regard to Article 5 of the Convention. It thus considers that the applicants’ complaints are admissible but that there is no need to give a separate ruling on the complaints under Article 5 § 1 of the Convention (see Centre for Legal Resources on behalf of Valentin Câmpeanu v. Romania [GC], no. 47848/08, § 156, ECHR 2014).APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
13. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
14. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Pastukhov and Yelagin v. Russia, no. 55299/07, 19 December 2013), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
15. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,Decides to join the applications;Declares the applications admissible;Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention;Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);Holds that there is no need to examine the complaints under Article 5 § 1 of the Convention raised in some applications;Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 10 December 2020, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Liv TigerstedtDarian Pavli
Acting Deputy RegistrarPresident
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention
(excessive length of pre-trial detention)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Period of detention
Court which issued detention order/examined appeal
Length of detention
Specific defects
Other complaints under well‑established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)[1]
9209/11
30/11/2010
Sergey Aleksandrovich MALYSHEV
1979
01/07/2010 to
13/04/2011
Oktyabrskiy District Court of Moscow,
Moscow City Court
9 month(s) and 13 day(s)
failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.
Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - detention authorised by the Ostankinskiy District Court of Moscow on 02/07/2010. The detention order was upheld on appeal by the Moscow City Court on 06/09/2010 (66 days).
1,700
23736/17
06/03/2017
Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich TYSHKO
1972
28/10/2015 to
16/03/2016
02/08/2016 to
10/05/2017
Sovetskiy District Court of Krasnoyarsk,
Krasnoyarsk Regional Court
4 month(s) and 18 day(s)
9 month(s) and 9 day(s)
failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - detention order of 14/11/2016 examined and upheld on appeal on 17/01/2017
2,000
33054/17
12/04/2017
Rustem Valeriyanovich KHAMZIN
1977
04/02/2015 to
30/07/2018
Kirovskiy District Court of Ufa,
Supreme Court of Bashkortostan Republic,
Privolzhskiy Military District Court
3 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 27 day(s)
Collective detention orders.
The applicant’s detention pending the examination of the case file lasted for almost a year. The Government did not argue that the prolonged period of the applicant’s examination of the case file in his case was due to any objective reasons (such as the volume of the case file). Neither did the domestic courts examine whether there had been any delays attributable to the investigating authorities. There were no attempts on the part of the domestic authorities to speed up the applicant’s examination of the case file by making new arrangements. Moreover, the protracted length of that examination process evidently benefited the investigating authorities, who completed their investigation in the meantime. The trial of the applicant’s case lasted for almost a year. Although there could have existed relevant and sufficient grounds for the applicant’s detention at some stages of the proceedings, the domestic authorities failed to provide relevant and specific justification for the continued application of the measure of restraint, coupled with the lack of diligence on their part.
4,700
37006/17
12/05/2017
Aleksandr Valeryevich KORNEV
1987
04/02/2015 to
30/07/2018
Kirovskiy District Court of Ufa,
Supreme Court of Bashkortostan Republic,
Privolzhskiy Military District Court
3 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 27 day(s)
Collective detention orders.
The applicant’s detention pending the examination of the case file lasted for almost a year. The Government did not argue that the prolonged period of the applicant’s examination of the case file in his case was due to any objective reasons (such as the volume of the case file). Neither did the domestic courts examine whether there had been any delays attributable to the investigating authorities. There were no attempts on the part of the domestic authorities to speed up the applicant’s examination of the case file by making new arrangements. Moreover, the protracted length of that examination process evidently benefited the investigating authorities, who completed their investigation in the meantime. The trial of the applicant’s case lasted for almost a year. Although there could have existed relevant and sufficient grounds for the applicant’s detention at some stages of the proceedings, the domestic authorities failed to provide relevant and specific justification for the continued application of the measure of restraint, coupled with the lack of diligence on their part.
4,700
38207/17
04/05/2017
Artem Mikhaylovich ZYULIN
1981
02/12/2014 to
05/05/2017
Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan,
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic
2 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 4 day(s)
use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
3,400
62452/17
07/08/2017
Timur Nikolayevich MALYGIN
1996
12/04/2015 to
03/10/2017
Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan;
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic
2 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 22 day(s)
Collective detention orders; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding.
3,400
65217/17
23/08/2017
Givi Borisovich DZHAGMAIDZE
1979
17/03/2017
to
20/11/2019
Georgiyevsk Town Court;
Stavropol Regional Court
2 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 4 day(s)
As the case progressed, use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint; failure to conduct the proceedings with due diligence during the period of detention.
3,800
69128/17
21/08/2017
Denis Sergeyevich KHOROBRYKH
1987
22/01/2015 to
03/10/2017
Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan;
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic
2 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 12day(s)
Collective detention orders; use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding.
Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms - Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan during the criminal proceedings against the applicant,
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of the complaint about the placement in a metal cage
9,750
24901/18
24/04/2018
Rafis Ravilevich NASYBULLIN
1980
22/11/2016 to
19/02/2019
Sovetskiy District Court of Kazan;
Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic
2 year(s) and 2 month(s) and 29 day(s)
use of assumptions, in the absence of any evidentiary basis, of the risks of absconding or obstructing justice; failure to assess the applicant’s personal situation reducing the risks of re-offending, colluding or absconding; “white-collar” crime; failure to examine the possibility of applying other measures of restraint.
Art. 5 (4) - deficiencies in proceedings for review of the lawfulness of detention - The applicant was not provided with legal assistance at the appellate hearing against the detention order on 02/03/2018 (Svipsta v. Latvia no. 66820/01, 9 March 2006, § 129)
3,500
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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