THIRD SECTION
CASE OF RAZUMOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Application no. 65197/16 and 9 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
22 February 2018
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Razumov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Luis López Guerra, President,
Dmitry Dedov,
Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 1 February 2018,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The applicants were represented by Aleksandr Vladimirovich Vinogradov, a lawyer practising in Kostroma.
3. The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
4. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
5. The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
6. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION
7. The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
Article 3
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”
8. The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 90‑94, ECHR 2000‑XI, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 139‑165, 10 January 2012). It reiterates in particular that extreme lack of space in a prison cell or overcrowding weighs heavily as an aspect to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the impugned detention conditions were “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see, amongst many authorities, Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no. 53254/99, §§ 36–40, 7 April 2005).
9. In the leading case of Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, no. 5993/08, 28 November 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate.
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention.
III. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW
12. In some applications, the applicants also submitted complaints under Article 13 of the Convention (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in Sergey Babushkin, cited above, §§ 38-45.
IV. REMAINING COMPLAINTS
13. In applications nos. 65197/16, 65201/16, 65203/16, 65236/16, 75330/16, 73751/16, and 5084/17 the applicants also raised other complaints under Article 3 of the Convention.
14. The Court has examined the applications listed in the appended table and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
V. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
15. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
16. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sergey Babushkin v. Russia, (just satisfaction), no. 5993/08, 16 October 2014, and Mozharov and Others v. Russia, no. 16401/12 and 9 others, 21 March 2017), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
17. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1. Decides to join the applications;
2. Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention and the other complaints under well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of the applications nos. 65197/16, 65201/16, 65203/16, 65236/16, 75330/16, 73751/16 and 5084/17 inadmissible;
3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention;
4. Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);
5. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 22 February 2018, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Liv TigerstedtLuis López Guerra
Acting Deputy RegistrarPresident
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant name
Date of birth
Facility
Start and end date
Duration
Inmates per brigade
Sq. m. per inmate
Number of toilets per brigade
Specific grievances
Other complaints under well-established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant
(in euros)[1]
65197/16
31/10/2016
Yuriy Aleksandrovich Razumov
12/06/1963
IK-1 Kostroma
12/07/2016 to
27/10/2016
3 month(s)
and 16 day(s)
0.6 m²
Overcrowding, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, poor sanitary conditions of the cell, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
2,100
65201/16
31/10/2016
Anatoliy Borisovich Belov
20/12/1970
IK-1 Kostroma
07/05/2015 to
26/10/2016
1 year(s)
and 5 month(s)
and 20 day(s)
0.6 m²
Overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to running water, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
5,000
65203/16
31/10/2016
Sergey Anatolyevich Burenkov
18/07/1983
IK-1 Kostroma
02/02/2016 to
29/09/2016
7 month(s) and
28 day(s)
0.6 m²
Overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to running water, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
3,600
65236/16
01/11/2016
Aleksandr Faigovich Solovyev
18/07/1990
IK-7 Kostroma region
09/02/2010 to
29/07/2016
6 year(s)
and 5 month(s)
and 21 day(s)
1 m²
Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to running water, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
5,000
73751/16
21/11/2016
Vera Vyacheslavovna Zachesova
13/02/1983
IK-8 Kostroma
21/09/2014 to
22/09/2016
2 year(s)
and 2 day(s)
100 inmate(s)
1.7 m²
3 toilet(s)
Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, lack or insufficient quantity of food, poor quality of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to shower, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air.
5,000
75330/16
22/11/2016
Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Sidorov
18/01/1977
IK-1 Kostroma
28/01/2014 to
28/10/2016
2 year(s)
and 9 month(s)
and 1 day(s)
2 inmate(s)
120 m²
Overcrowding, lack of or insufficient natural light, inadequate temperature, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to warm water, mouldy or dirty cell.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
5,000
5084/17
28/12/2016
Sergey Sergeyevich Yermalyuga
08/11/1974
IK-1 Kostroma
05/12/2014
Pending.
More than 3 year(s) and 1 month(s)
and 6 day(s)
0.6 m²
Overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, poor quality of food, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
8,300
10425/17
20/01/2017
Dmitriy Yuryevich Potemkin
13/01/1987
IK-20 Nizhny Novgorod Region
11/06/2010
Pending.
More than 7 year(s) and 6 month(s)
and 9 day(s)
22 inmate(s)
1.4-1.6 m²
1 toilet(s)
Infestation of cell with insects/rodents, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to running water, poor quality of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
7,800
17798/17
21/02/2017
Mikhail Vladimirovich Mikheyevskiy
21/07/1975
IK-2 Kostroma region
01/02/2011 to
31/01/2017
6 year(s)
1 m²
Overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to potable water, poor quality of food, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
5,000
17804/17
20/02/2017
Yuriy Vladimirovich Nikityuk
07/07/1979
IK-29 Arkhangelsk Region
19/03/2016
Pending.
More than 1 year(s) and 9 month(s)
and 1 day(s).
0.5 m²
Overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of privacy for toilet, sharing cells with inmates infected with contagious disease, poor quality of food, lack or insufficient quantity of food.
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in respect of inadequate conditions of detention.
7,500
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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