FIFTH SECTION
CASE OF VOYTENKO AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE
(Applications nos. 34181/23 and 10 others –
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
6 March 2025
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Voytenko and Others v. Ukraine,
The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Diana Sârcu, President,
Kateřina Šimáčková,
Mykola Gnatovskyy, judges,
and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 6 February 2025,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications.
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention.
THE LAW
JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLES 3 AND 13 OF THE CONVENTION6. The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention and of the lack of an effective remedy in this connection. They relied on Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention.
7. The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v. Croatia [GC], no. 7334/13, §§ 96‑101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić, cited above, §§ 122-41, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 149‑59, 10 January 2012).
8. The Court also refers to its standard of proof and methods for assessment of evidence in conditions-of-detention cases (see Muršić, cited above, §§ 127-28). In particular, in reply to a prima facie case of ill-treatment, complained of by the applicants, the Government is expected to provide primary evidence showing cell floor plans and the actual number of inmates during the specific periods of the applicants’ detention (see Ananyev and Others, cited above, § 123, and, for example, Sparysh and Kutsmand v. Ukraine [Committee], nos. 49709/18 and 49870/18, 12 September 2024). Other documents and photographs, related to air, food, water quality control, pest control, temperature and luminosity measurements, bathing facilities, privacy of toilet, laundry services, etc., should pertain to cells and periods of the applicants’ detention.
9. In the leading cases of Melnik v. Ukraine (no. 72286/01, 28 March 2006) and Sukachov v. Ukraine (no. 14057/17, 30 January 2020), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table were inadequate.
11. The Court further notes that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints.
12. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention.
OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW13. In applications nos. 34181/23 and 40671/23, the applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in the cases listed in the appended table.
REMAINING COMPLAINTS14. In application no. 5113/24, the applicant also raised other complaints under Article 3 of the Convention.
15. The Court has examined the application and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of application no. 5113/24 must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.
APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION16. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sukachov, cited above, §§ 165 and 167), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
Decides to join the applications;Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table, the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law to complain about poor conditions of detention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of application no. 5113/24 inadmissible;Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in that regard;Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table);Holds(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 March 2025, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Viktoriya Maradudina Diana Sârcu
Acting Deputy Registrar President
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 and Article 13 of the Convention
(inadequate conditions of detention and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant’s name
Year of birth
Representative’s name and location
Facility
Start and end date
Duration
Sq. m per inmate
Specific grievances
Other complaints under well-established case-law
Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage per applicant
(in euros)[1]
Amount awarded for costs and expenses per application
(in euros)[2]
34181/23
01/09/2023
Viktor Volodymyrovych VOYTENKO
1962
Kulbach Sergiy Oleksandrovych
Limoges
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
13/10/2014
pending
More than
10 year(s) and
3 month(s) and
9 day(s)
2.5-2.9 m²
passive smoking, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, overcrowding
Art. 5 (3) - excessive length of pre-trial detention - 01/10/2014 - 09/11/2023 - absence of proper examination of the alternative measures; lack of diligence on behalf of the authorities; poor reasoning of detention as the case progressed (see Kharchenko v. Ukraine, no. 40107/02,
10 February 2011 and Ignatov
v. Ukraine, no. 40583/15,
15 December 2016)
9,800
250
35709/23
17/09/2023
Roman Mykolayovych PAPUSHA
1987
Kulbach Sergiy Oleksandrovych
Limoges
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
13/05/2021 to
17/05/2023
2 year(s) and
5 day(s)
2.5 - 3.5 m²
lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to warm water, overcrowding, poor quality of food, passive smoking, poor quality of potable water, no or restricted access to shower, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet
5,000
-
40671/23
01/11/2023
AND
17364/24
31/05/2024
Sergiy Leonidovych TKACHENKO
1983
Yolkin Andriy Valeriyovych
Kryvyy Rig
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
13/01/2023 to
18/07/2023
6 month(s) and 6 day(s)
Khmelnytskyy Pre-Trial Detention Facility
20/07/2023 to
02/05/2024
9 month(s) and 13 day(s)
2.5 m²
2.6 m²
overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to running water, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of requisite medical assistance, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet
overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, lack of requisite medical assistance, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet
Art. 6 (1) - excessive length of criminal proceedings - 12/06/2017 - pending,
3 levels of jurisdiction (see Nechay v. Ukraine, no. 15360/10, §§ 67-79, 1 July 2021),
Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of excessive length of criminal proceedings – (see Nechay
v. Ukraine, no. 15360/10, §§ 67‑79, 1 July 2021)
4,800
250
580/24
12/12/2023
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych APOSTOLOV
1983
Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych
Dnipro
Kryvyy Rih Detention
Facility no. 3
13/10/2023 to
09/02/2024
3 month(s) and
28 day(s)
3.8 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light
1,300
-
581/24
12/12/2023
Denys Volodymyrovych KURYEROV
1981
Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych
Dnipro
Kryvyy Rih Detention
Facility no. 3
08/09/2023 to
12/12/2023
3 month(s) and
5 day(s)
3.8 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, inadequate temperature, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient electric light
1,300
-
589/24
07/12/2023
Vadym Leonidovych DROBA
1985
Kushnir Valeriy Oleksandrovych
Dnipro
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
03/11/2022 to
09/11/2023
1 year(s) and
7 day(s)
2.5-2.7 m²
overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of fresh air, poor quality of potable water, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of toiletries, passive smoking, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to warm water
3,200
-
836/24
23/12/2023
Iryna Volodymyrivna VDOVYCHENKO
1987
Kushnir Valeriy Oleksandrovych
Dnipro
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
27/01/2022
pending
More than
2 year(s) and
11 month(s) and 26 day(s)
2.5-2.7 m²
overcrowding, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, poor quality of potable water, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, passive smoking, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food
6,700
-
5113/24
27/01/2024
Vadym Petrovych SANDULENKO
1975
Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych
Dnipro
Romny Detention Facility no. 56
17/12/2020 to
27/01/2024
3 year(s) and
1 month(s) and
11 day(s)
3.76 m²
passive smoking, lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, overcrowding
7,000
-
14274/24
04/05/2024
Yevgeniy Ruslanovych KALAYDA
1995
Yolkin Andriy Valeriyovych
Kryvyy Rig
Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility
17/02/2023
pending
More than
1 year(s) and
11 month(s) and
5 day(s)
2.4-3 m²
overcrowding, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of fresh air, passive smoking, inadequate temperature, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient electric light, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to running water, lack of toiletries, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, poor quality of food
4,900
-
15736/24
02/05/2024
Ivan Mykolayovych MORGUN
1985
Pustyntsev Andriy Vitaliyovych
Dnipro
Cherkasy
Pre-Trial Detention Facility
13/04/2021 to
12/03/2024
2 year(s) and
11 month(s)
2-2.2 m²
overcrowding, lack of fresh air, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, passive smoking, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient electric light
6,500
-
[1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
[2] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.