THIRD SECTION
CASE OF ZAYNETDINOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Application no. 325/07 and 7 others -
see appended list)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
12 October 2017
This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.
In the case of Zaynetdinov and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Luis López Guerra, President,
Dmitry Dedov,
Jolien Schukking, judges,
and Liv Tigerstedt Acting Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 21 September 2017,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table.
2. The applications were communicated to the Russian Government (“the Government”).
THE FACTS
3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table.
4. The applicants complained of the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law.
THE LAW
I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 AND ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION AND OF ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL No. 1
6. The applicants complained principally of the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions given in their favour and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention and on Article 1 of Protocol No. 1, which read as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by [a] ... tribunal ...”
Article 13
“Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity.”
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”
7. The Court reiterates that the execution of a judgment given by any court must be regarded as an integral part of a “hearing” for the purposes of Article 6. It also refers to its case-law concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of final domestic judgments (see Hornsby v. Greece, no. 18357/91, § 40, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997‑II).
8. In the leading case of Gerasimov and Others v. Russia, no. 29920/05 and 10 others, 1 July 2014, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case.
9. Having regard to the nature of the judicial awards in the applicants’ favour (see the appended table for details of court orders), the Court considers that the applicants had, by virtue of these judgments, a “legitimate expectation” to acquire a pecuniary asset, which was sufficiently established to constitute a “possession” within the meaning of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
10. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the authorities did not deploy all necessary efforts to enforce fully and in due time the decisions in the applicants’ favour, as listed in the appended table below.
11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention.
12. The applicants also complained under Article 13 of the Convention about the lack of an effective domestic remedy in respect of the non‑enforcement. The Court has already noted the existence of a new domestic remedy against the non-enforcement of domestic judgments imposing obligations of a pecuniary and non-pecuniary nature on the Russian authorities, introduced in the wake of the pilot judgment, which enables those concerned to seek compensation for damage sustained as a result of excessive delays in the enforcement of court judgments (see Kamneva and Others v. Russia (dec.), no. 35555/05 and 6 others, 2 May 2017). Even though the remedy was – or still is – available to the applicants, the Court reiterates that it would be unfair to request the applicants whose cases have already been pending for many years in the domestic system and who have come to seek relief at the Court, to bring again their claims before domestic tribunals (see Gerasimov and Others, cited above, § 230).
13. However, in the light of the adoption of the new domestic remedy, the Court, as in its previous decisions, considers that it is not necessary to examine separately the admissibility and merits of the applicants’ complaint under Article 13 in the present cases (see, for a similar approach, Korotyayeva and Others v. Russia, nos. 13122/11 and 2 others, §§ 36-40, 27 June 2017; Kamneva and Others, cited above, and, mutatis mutandis, Tkhyegepso and Others v. Russia, no. 44387/04 and 11 others, §§ 21-24, 25 October 2011). This ruling is without prejudice to the Court’s future assessment of the new remedy.
III. REMAINING COMPLAINTS
14. In application no. 37712/09, the applicant also complained about the enforcement of a final domestic judgment, other than that indicated in the appended table below.
15. The Court has examined the application and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, this complaint does not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
It follows that this part of the application no. 37712/09 is manifestly ill-founded and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention.
IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
16. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
17. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law), and insofar as claims for just satisfaction were lodged by the applicants (see, in particular, Gerasimov and Others v. Russia, nos. 29920/05 and 10 others, §§ 187-200, 1 July 2014; and Korotyayeva and Others, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table.
18. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
19. The Court further notes from the Government’s submissions that the domestic judgments in certain applications have remained unenforced to date (see the appended table). The State’s obligation to enforce those judgments is not in dispute. The Court considers that the respondent State has an outstanding obligation to secure, by appropriate means, enforcement of the judgment in the applicants’ favour (see Pridatchenko and Others v. Russia, nos. 2191/03 and 3 others, § 68, 21 June 2007, and Salikova v. Russia, no. 25270/06, § 83, 15 July 2010).
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1. Decides to join the applications;
2. Declares the complaints concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions, listed in the appended table, admissible, and the remainder of the application no. 37712/09 inadmissible;
3. Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 concerning the non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions;
4. Decides that it is not necessary to examine the admissibility and merits of the applicants’ complaints under Article 13 of the Convention;
5. Holds that the respondent State shall ensure, by appropriate means, within three months, the enforcement of the pending domestic decisions referred to in the appended table;
6. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points.
7. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 12 October 2017, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Liv TigerstedtLuis López Guerra
Acting Deputy RegistrarPresident
APPENDIX
List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention and Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1
(non-enforcement or delayed enforcement of domestic decisions and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law)
No.
Application no.
Date of introduction
Applicant name
Date of birth
Representative name and location
Relevant domestic decision
Start date of non-enforcement period
End date of non-enforcement period
Length of enforcement proceedings
Domestic order
Amount awarded for pecuniary damage per applicant
(in euros)[1]
Amount awarded for non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses
per applicant / household
(in euros)[2]
325/07
16/10/2006
Khabibula Aleksandrovich Zaynetdinov
10/11/1958
Krasnodar Garrison Military Court, 31/03/2006
11/04/2006
pending
More than 11 year(s) and 3 month(s) and
13 day(s)
" ... [Housing Commission]... to allocate flats ... with regard to [the applicant’s] rights ... "
0
53462/07
01/10/2007
Igor Nikolayevich Solopov
24/03/1969
Chernysheva Olga Aleksandrovna
Yelizovo
the Military Court of 35th Garrison , 05/12/2000
18/12/2000
pending
More than 16 year(s) and 7 month(s) and
7 day(s)
"... commander of military unit no. 69262 to pay the applicant monetary allowance ... , to recalculate previously paid monetary allowance from 1 January 2000...; to recalculate previously paid pension arrears since 1 January 2000..."
5,000
60787/08
19/11/2008
Vladimir Yevgenyevich Sigayev
05/07/1952
Oktyabrskiy District Court of St Petersburg, 19/04/2006
02/05/2006
16/02/2009
2 year(s) and
9 month(s) and
15 day(s)
"... the Administration of Admiralteysky District of St Petersburg to provide [the applicant] with [housing]... on the basis of a sales-purchase agreement "
3,000
37712/09
21/06/2009
Nikolay Nikolayevich Belyayev
15/07/1959
Novo-Savinovskiy District Court of Kazan, 14/09/2009
30/09/2009
pending
More than 7 year(s) and 9 month(s) and
25 day(s)
"...Federal Registration Service in the Tatarstan Republic to register [the applicant’s and his family members’] property right to two rooms [at the following address] within 14 days after the present judgment becomes final";
0
11176/10
08/02/2010
(6 applicants)
Household
Yuriy Vladimirovich Gavrilov
06/03/1965
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fomashina
22/04/1998
Yelena Vasilyevna Fomashina
23/05/1970
Dmitriy Yuryevich Gavrilov
14/11/2006
Sergey Yuryevich Gavrilov
27/11/1988
Liliya Georgiyevna Gavrilova
10/08/1959
Moscow Garrison Military Court, 07/04/2009
20/08/2009
pending
More than 7 year(s) and 11 month(s) and
5 day(s)
"... [military housing commission] to provide [the applicants] with [housing] ... ”
35,500
to be paid directly to the account of the third applicant, Ms Yelena Vasilyevna Fomashina
6,000
39001/11
26/05/2011
Vladimir Sergeyevich Zvyagintsev
09/05/1964
the Military Court of Moscow Garrison , 09/07/2009
25/07/2009
04/02/2016
6 year(s) and
6 month(s) and
11 day(s)
"...ministry of Defence to provide [the applicant] with housing..."
6,000
47888/11
28/06/2011
Sergey Aleksandrovich Viktorov
30/11/1976
Dmitrov Town Court of the Moscow Region, 30/09/2010
30/11/2010
pending
More than 6 year(s) and 7 month(s) and
24 day(s)
"... the Chief of the Naval Engineering Service to put [the applicant] on the list of persons to be relocated from the closed military town Gorki-25 and to be granted a State housing certificate..."
6,000
31984/12
12/05/2012
Aleksandr Borisovich Frentiy
28/06/1959
the Military Court of Moscow Garrison , 23/11/2009
11/12/2009
pending
More than 7 year(s) and 7 month(s) and
14 day(s)
« ...provide [the applicant and his family members], with priority, with housing in the place of his military service in Moscow in conformity with the established legal norms in force... »
0
[1]. Plus any tax that may be chargeable.
[2]. Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.
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