Summary
Parties
Subject of the case
Grounds
Decision on costs
Operative part
Keywords
1 . REFERENCES FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING - JURISDICTION OF THE COURT - DEFINITION OF THE LEGAL CONTEXT OF THE QUESTIONS
( EEC TREATY , ART . 177 )
2 . ACTS OF THE INSTITUTIONS - DIRECTIVES - IMPLEMENTATION BY MEMBER STATE - TIME-LIMIT - NOT EXPIRED - NATIONAL RULES TO THE CONTRARY - ADMISSIBILITY - APPLICABILITY OF THE BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 TO PRE-PACKAGED MILK FROM ANOTHER MEMBER STATE
( COUNCIL DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 , ART . 7 ( 2 ))
Summary
1 . WHILST ARTICLE 177 OF THE TREATY DOES NOT PERMIT THE COURT TO EVALUATE THE GROUNDS FOR MAKING THE REFERENCE , THE NEED TO AFFORD A HELPFUL INTERPRETATION OF COMMUNITY LAW MAKES IT ESSENTIAL TO DEFINE THE LEGAL CONTEXT IN WHICH THE INTERPRETATION REQUESTED SHOULD BE PLACED .
2 . SINCE THE DATE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF COUNCIL DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO THE MAKING-UP BY VOLUME OF CERTAIN PRE-PACKAGED LIQUIDS WAS , BY ARTICLE 7 ( 2 ) THEREOF , DEFERRED IN THE CASE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 AT THE LATEST , THE MAINTENANCE IN FORCE BY THAT MEMBER STATE OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 COULD NOT BE PROHIBITED BY THE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW UNTIL THAT PERIOD HAD EXPIRED AND COULD THEREFORE BE APPLIED UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 TO THE MARKETING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM OF PRE-PACKAGED MILK FROM ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , MADE UP IN CONTAINERS OF A CAPACITY OF ONE LITRE .
Parties
IN CASE 244/78
REFERENCE TO THE COURT UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY BY THE TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE , PARIS , FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING IN THE ACTION PENDING BEFORE THAT COURT BETWEEN
UNION LAITIERE NORMANDE , A GROUP OF AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES , CONDE-SUR-VIRE ,
AND
FRENCH DAIRY FARMERS LIMITED , LONDON ,
Subject of the case
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN REGULATION NO 1411/71 OF THE COUNCIL OF 29 JUNE 1971 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL , ENGLISH SPECIAL EDITION , 1971 , ( II ), P . 412 ), AS AMENDED BY COUNCIL REGULATION , NO 566/76 OF 15 MARCH 1976 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1976 , L 67 , P . 23 ) REGARDING IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM OF STANDARDIZED WHOLE MILK , UHT TREATED , COMING FROM FRANCE ,
Grounds
1 IN A JUDGMENT OF 16 OCTOBER 1978 , RECEIVED BY THE COURT ON 6 NOVEMBER 1978 , THE TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE , PARIS , REFERRED TO THE COURT OF JUSTICE FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY SOME QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 566/76 OF 15 MARCH 1976 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1976 , L 67 , P . 23 ) AMENDING REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 1411/71 AS REGARDS THE FAT CONTENT OF WHOLE MILK , AND OF ARTICLES 30 AND 36 OF THE TREATY .
2 THESE QUESTIONS AROSE IN THE COURSE OF AN ACTION BETWEEN A GROUP OF AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES INCORPORATED UNDER FRENCH LAW AND ITS ENGLISH SUBSIDIARY CONCERNING THE PERFORMANCE , ON 30 SEPTEMBER 1978 , OF A CONTRACT TO SUPPLY STANDARDIZED WHOLE MILK PRODUCED IN FRANCE AND EXPORTED TO THE UNITED KINGDOM . THE MILK IN QUESTION HAD A FAT CONTENT OF 3.78 % , HAD BEEN GIVEN ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE ( UHT ) TREATMENT , AND WAS PACKAGED IN ONE-LITRE CONTAINERS .
THE IMPORTING COMPANY , WHICH HELD AN IMPORT LICENCE FOR THE SUPPLIES IN QUESTION , HAD NOT OBTAINED FROM THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES THE DEALER ' S LICENCE REQUIRED BY REGULATION 4 IN PART II OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENT NO 1033 OF 16 JUNE 1977 - THE MILK ( SPECIAL DESIGNATION ) REGULATIONS 1977 - IN ORDER TO MARKET IN ENGLAND ALL MILK , IMPORTED OR NOT , UNDER THE SPECIAL DESIGNATION ' ' UHT ' ' .
3 WHEN THE AFOREMENTIONED COMPANY DECIDED TO TERMINATE THE CONTRACT IN A LETTER OF 12 SEPTEMBER 1978 , ITS SUPPLIER , THE GROUP OF AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES , BROUGHT AN ACTION AGAINST IT ON 27 SEPTEMBER 1978 BEFORE THE TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE , PARIS , FOR NON-PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT CONCERNING THOSE SUPPLIES , RELYING IN PARTICULAR ON REGULATION NO 566/76 OF THE COUNCIL AND ON ARTICLE 30 OF THE EEC TREATY .
4 THE TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE , PARIS , DECIDED TO STAY PROCEEDINGS AND REFERRED THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO THE COURT OF JUSTICE FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY :
' ' 1 . CAN ARTICLE 3 ( 6 ) OF REGULATION NO 1411/71 ( AS ENACTED BY ARTICLE 2 OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 566/76 OF 15 MARCH 1976 ), WHICH PROVIDES THAT A MEMBER STATE THAT OPTS FOR THE FORMULA OF NON-STANDARDIZED WHOLE MILK SHALL NOT PROHIBIT , WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH , . . . THE MARKETING WITHIN ITS TERRITORY OF STANDARDIZED WHOLE MILK COMING FROM ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , WHEN THE FAT CONTENT OF SUCH MILK IS NOT LESS THAN A GUIDELINE FIGURE FIXED BY THE COUNCIL . . ., BE INTERPRETED , AS THE AUTHORITIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM APPEAR TO DO , AS MEANING THAT MILK THUS IMPORTED MAY BE MARKETED ONLY FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN HUMAN CONSUMPTION?
2 . DOES THE RESERVATION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONTAINED IN ARTICLE 3 ( 6 ) OF REGULATION NO 1411/71 ( AS ENACTED BY ARTICLE 2 OF REGULATION NO 566/76 ) JUSTIFY BRITISH NATIONAL LEGISLATION REQUIRING THE REPROCESSING AND REPACKAGING OF UHT MILK PRODUCED AND PACKAGED IN ANOTHER MEMBER STATE ACCORDING TO METHODS WHICH ARE IDENTICAL TO THOSE USED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES IN THAT MEMBER STATE?
3 . IF THE SECOND QUESTION IS ANSWERED IN THE NEGATIVE , DOES THE AFOREMENTIONED BRITISH NATIONAL LEGISLATION CONSTITUTE A MEASURE HAVING AN EFFECT EQUIVALENT TO A RESTRICTIVE MEASURE PROHIBITED BY THE TREATY?
4 . IS THE APPLICATION OF BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LEGISLATION TO MILK PRODUCED AND PACKAGED IN ANOTHER MEMBER STATE COMPATIBLE WITH THE TERMS OF ARTICLE 3 ( 6 ) OF REGULATION NO 1411/71 ( AS ENACTED BY ARTICLE 2 OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 566/76 ), WHICH STIPULATES REQUIREMENTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH AS THE ONLY RESERVATION IN RELATION TO INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE?
5 . DOES THE COMBINED EFFECT OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL MEASURES BASED ON REASONS OF PROTECTION OF HEALTH AND ON THE APPLICATION OF THE NATIONAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LEGISLATION CONSTITUTE A MEANS OF ARBITRARY DISCRIMINATION OR A DISGUISED RESTRICTION ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES SUCH AS ARE PROHIBITED BY ARTICLE 36 OF THE TREATY?
' '
5 BEFORE PROCEEDING TO EXAMINE THE QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN REFERRED TO THE COURT FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING , IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT , WHILST ARTICLE 177 OF THE TREATY DOES NOT PERMIT THE COURT TO EVALUATE THE GROUNDS FOR MAKING THE REFERENCE , THE NEED TO AFFORD A HELPFUL INTERPRETATION OF COMMUNITY LAW MAKES IT ESSENTIAL TO DEFINE THE LEGAL CONTEXT IN WHICH THE INTERPRETATION REQUESTED SHOULD BE PLACED .
6 ALTHOUGH THE NATIONAL COURT DID NOT GIVE ITS REASONS FOR ASKING THE COURT TO INTERPRET THE COMMUNITY LAW , IT APPEARS FROM THE FILE ON THE CASE THAT IT CONSIDERS AN INTERPRETATION NECESSARY FOR ITS DECISION ON THE CONSEQUENCES WHICH ARE TO FOLLOW FROM THE NON-PERFORMANCE OF THE DISPUTED CONTRACT TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER THE ENGLISH LEGISLATION WHICH PREVENTS THE MARKETING OF THE PRODUCTS IN QUESTION WITHIN THE UNITED KINGDOM WAS OR WAS NOT , AT THE DATE ON WHICH THOSE PRODUCTS WERE IMPORTED , JUSTIFIED UNDER COMMUNITY LAW .
7 IT ALSO APPEARS FROM THE FILE ON THE CASE THAT , WHEREAS CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THAT LEGISLATION , SUCH AS REGULATION 4 IN PART II OF THE BRITISH STATUTORY INSTRUMENT NO 1033 OF 16 JUNE 1977 , READ TOGETHER WITH THE PROVISIONS IN SCHEDULE 2 , PART IV REQUIRE , FOR OBTAINING A DEALER ' S LICENCE FOR WHOLE MILK BEARING THE SPECIAL DESIGNATION ' ' UHT ' ' , THAT THE PRODUCT , IMMEDIATELY AFTER HAVING BEEN TREATED BY THE UHT METHOD , BE PACKAGED ON ' ' REGISTERED PREMISES ' ' , OTHER PROVISIONS IN THE SAME LEGISLATION , ESPECIALLY THOSE IN THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 , PROVIDE IN PARAGRAPH 3 , PART V OF SCHEDULE 4 THAT FOR THE MARKETING OF ANY ' ' PRE-PACKAGED ' ' MILK , WHETHER IMPORTED OR NOT , THE PRODUCT MUST BE MADE AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION IN CONTAINERS OF A CAPACITY OF ONE THIRD OF A PINT , HALF A PINT , OR A MULTIPLE OF HALF A PINT .
8 IT IS ACCEPTED THAT IN THIS CASE THE MILK IN QUESTION WAS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM AND MADE AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION IN THAT MEMBER STATE IN CONTAINERS WITH A CAPACITY OF ONE LITRE . SINCE THIS MILK WAS ' ' PRE-PACKED ' ' IN A WAY WHICH DID NOT COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS LAID DOWN BY THE BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 , THE FIRST DIFFICULTY IN MARKETING THE GOODS IN ENGLAND WAS PRESENTED BY THE PROVISIONS IN THAT ACT , SO THAT IN FACT THE QUESTION OF THE COMPATIBILITY WITH COMMUNITY LAW OF THE BRITISH LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE MARKETING OF UHT WHOLE MILK IN THE UNITED KINGDOM MUST , IN THE CASE OF THE IMPORTS CONCERNED IN THIS DISPUTE , BE CONSIDERED FIRST WITH REFERENCE TO THAT ACT .
9 THAT BEING SO , THE FOURTH QUESTION SHOULD BE ANSWERED FIRST AND THE OTHERS EXAMINED ONLY IF IT APPEARS THAT THE BRITISH NATIONAL LEGISLATION CONCERNING THE PACKAGING OF PRE-PACKED MILK COULD NOT HAVE APPLIED IN THIS CASE TO THE MARKETING IN ENGLAND OF THE PRODUCT UNDER DISCUSSION .
10 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE THE APPROXIMATION OF THE NATIONAL LAWS CONCERNING WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN THE CONTEXT OF ARTICLE 100 OF THE EEC TREATY , THE COUNCIL , ON THE BASIS OF DIRECTIVE NO 71/316 OF 26 JULY 1971 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1971 , L 207 , P . 1 ) AND DIRECTIVE NO 71/354 OF 18 OCTOBER 1971 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1971 , L 243 , P . 29 ), LATER AMENDED BY THE ACT OF ACCESSION , ADOPTED DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 OF 19 DECEMBER 1974 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO THE MAKING-UP BY VOLUME OF CERTAIN PRE-PACKAGED LIQUIDS ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1975 , L 42 , P . 1 ), THE PROVISIONS OF WHICH ARE , BY VIRTUE OF POINT 7 OF ANNEX III , APPLICABLE EQUALLY TO MILK WHEN SOLD BY VOLUME .
11 THE OBJECT OF THIS DIRECTIVE , ACCORDING TO THE FIRST RECITAL IN THE PREAMBLE , IS TO HARMONIZE ' ' THE CONDITIONS OF PRESENTATION FOR SALE OF LIQUIDS IN PRE-PACKAGES ' ' , ON THE GROUND THAT THESE CONDITIONS ARE , IN MOST OF THE MEMBER STATES , ' ' THE SUBJECT OF MANDATORY REGULATIONS WHICH DIFFER FROM ONE MEMBER STATE TO ANOTHER , THEREBY HINDERING TRADE IN SUCH PRE-PACKAGES ' ' .
12 FOR THOSE REASONS THE DIRECTIVE DETERMINES THE CONDITIONS WHICH PRE-PACKAGES CONTAINING THE PRODUCTS LISTED IN ANNEX III , SUCH AS MILK , MEASURED BY VOLUME FOR THE PURPOSE OF SALE ' ' IN INDIVIDUAL QUANTITIES OF BETWEEN 005 LITRE AND FIVE LITRES INCLUSIVE ' ' MUST SATISFY BEFORE THEY MAY BE MARKETED WITHIN THE COMMUNITY , AND PROVIDES IN ARTICLE 5 THAT ' ' MEMBER STATES MAY NOT REFUSE , PROHIBIT OR RESTRICT THE PLACING ON THE MARKET OF PRE-PACKAGES WHICH SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS LAID DOWN IN THIS DIRECTIVE FOR REASONS CONCERNING THE VOLUME OF THE CONTENTS . . . ' ' .
13 THE SAME DIRECTIVE FURTHER PROVIDES IN ARTICLE 7 ( 1 ) THAT MEMBER STATES HAVE A PERIOD OF 18 MONTHS FROM THE DATE OF ITS NOTIFICATION IN WHICH TO PUT INTO FORCE THE LAWS , REGULATIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS NEEDED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH IT . IT ALSO STATES IN PARAGRAPH ( 2 ) OF THAT ARTICLE THAT ' ' BELGIUM , IRELAND , THE NETHERLANDS AND THE UNITED KINGDOM MAY DEFER IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS DIRECTIVE AND THE ANNEXES THERETO UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 AT THE LATEST ' ' .
14 CONSEQUENTLY THE UNITED KINGDOM IS AUTHORIZED UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 , BY AN EXPRESS PROVISION IN THE DIRECTIVE CITED ABOVE , TO MAINTAIN IN FORCE THE PROVISIONS OF ITS NATIONAL LAWS FIXING THE CAPACITY OF PACKAGES FOR PRODUCTS ALLOWED ONTO THE MARKET , IN PARTICULAR THOSE OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 , THE EFFECT OF WHICH IS NOT TO ALLOW THE MARKETING OF MILK IN THAT MEMBER STATE UNLESS THE PRODUCT IS PACKAGED IN CONTAINERS WITH A CAPACITY OF ONE THIRD OF A PINT , HALF A PINT OR A MULTIPLE OF HALF A PINT .
15 SINCE IT IS ACCEPTED THAT THE PRODUCT IN DISPUTE WAS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM PRE-PACKAGED IN ONE-LITRE CONTAINERS IN THE COURSE OF THE YEAR 1978 , IT FOLLOWS FROM ARTICLE 7 ( 2 ) OF DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 , CITED ABOVE , THAT THE PROVISIONS IN THE BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT CAN BE APPLIED TO THE MARKETING OF THE PRODUCTS IN QUESTION IN ENGLAND WITHOUT INFRINGING THE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW .
16 ON THOSE GROUNDS THE REPLY TO THE FOURTH QUESTION MUST BE THAT SINCE THE FINAL DATE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROVISIONS OF COUNCIL DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 OF 19 DECEMBER 1974 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO THE MAKING-UP BY VOLUME OF CERTAIN PRE-PACKAGED LIQUIDS WAS , BY ARTICLE 7 ( 2 ) THEREOF , DEFERRED IN THE CASE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 AT THE LATEST , THE RETENTION BY THAT MEMBER STATE OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 WAS NOT , AT THE DATE OF THE IMPORTS IN QUESTION , PROHIBITED BY THE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW AND COULD THEREFORE AT THAT DATE BE APPLIED TO THE MARKETING IN ENGLAND OF PRE-PACKAGED MILK FROM ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , MADE UP IN CONTAINERS OF A CAPACITY OF ONE LITRE .
17 SINCE THE REPLY TO THE FOURTH QUESTION MAKES IT UNNECESSARY TO EXAMINE THE OTHER QUESTIONS REFERRED BY THE NATIONAL COURT FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING , A DECISION ON THEM IS NOT REQUIRED .
Decision on costs
COSTS
18 THE COSTS INCURRED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC , THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , WHICH SUBMITTED OBSERVATIONS TO THE COURT ARE NOT RECOVERABLE . AS THE PROCEEDINGS ARE , IN SO FAR AS THE PARTIES TO THE MAIN ACTION ARE CONCERNED , IN THE NATURE OF A STEP IN THE ACTION PENDING BEFORE THE NATIONAL COURT , THE DECISION ON COSTS IS A MATTER FOR THAT COURT .
Operative part
ON THOSE GROUNDS ,
THE COURT ,
IN ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS REFERRED TO IT BY THE TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE , PARIS , BY JUDGMENT OF 16 OCTOBER 1978 , HEREBY RULES :
SINCE THE DATE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF COUNCIL DIRECTIVE NO 75/106 OF 19 DECEMBER 1974 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO THE MAKING-UP BY VOLUME OF CERTAIN PRE-PACKAGED LIQUIDS WAS , BY ARTICLE 7 ( 2 ) THEREOF , DEFERRED IN THE CASE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1979 AT THE LATEST , THE MAINTENANCE IN FORCE BY THAT MEMBER STATE OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT 1963 WAS NOT , AT THE DATE OF THE IMPORTS IN QUESTION , PROHIBITED BY THE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW AND COULD THEREFORE AT THAT DATE BE APPLIED TO THE MARKETING IN ENGLAND OF PRE-PACKAGED MILK FROM ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , MADE UP IN CONTAINERS OF A CAPACITY OF ONE LITRE .
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy