Summary
Parties
Subject of the case
Grounds
Decision on costs
Operative part
Keywords
1 . OFFICIALS - APPLICATION TO THE COURT - ACTION AGAINST A REGULATION - INADMISSIBILITY
( EEC TREATY , ART . 173 AND EAEC TREATY , ART . 146 ; STAFF REGULATIONS OF OFFICIALS , ARTS 90 AND 91 ; COUNCIL REGULATIONS NO 3085/78 AND NO 3086/78 AMENDING THE STAFF REGULATIONS OF OFFICIALS )
2 . OFFICIALS - ACTION FOR DAMAGES - INDEPENDENT NATURE COMPARED TO ACTION FOR ANNULMENT - LIMITS
Summary
1 . AN ACTION FOR THE ANNULMENT OF REGULATION NO 3085/78 AND NO 3086/78 OF THE COUNCIL IS INADMISSIBLE SINCE THE REGULATIONS IN QUESTION ARE OF GENERAL APPLICATION AND CANNOT BE ASSIMILATED TO DECISIONS WHICH , ALTHOUGH TAKEN IN THE FORM OF REGULATIONS , ARE OF DIRECT AND INDIVIDUAL CONCERN TO OFFICIALS .
2 . A PARTY MAY TAKE ACTION BY MEANS OF A CLAIM FOR COMPENSATION WITHOUT BEING OBLIGED TO SEEK THE ANNULMENT OF THE ILLEGAL MEASURE WHICH CAUSES HIM DAMAGE . HOWEVER , THE PARTY MAY NOT BY THAT MEANS ATTEMPT TO OBTAIN A RESULT SIMILAR TO THE ANNULMENT OF THE MEASURE WHERE THE APPLICATION FOR ANNULMENT CONCERNING THAT MEASURE WOULD BE INADMISSIBLE .
Parties
IN CASE 543/79
ANTON BIRKE , 9 VIA VERBANO , TAINO ( VARESE ), ITALY , REPRESENTED BY B . POTTHAST AND H . J . RUBER , OF THE COLOGNE BAR , ASSISTED BY PROFESSOR E . STEINDORFF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE CHAMBERS OF V . BIEL , ADVOCATE , 18A RUE DES GLACIS ,
APPLICANT ,
V
( 1 ) COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , REPRESENTED BY J . PIPKORN , A MEMBER OF ITS LEGAL DEPARTMENT , ACTING AS AGENT , WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE OFFICE OF O . MONTALTO , JEAN MONNET BUILDING , KIRCHBERG ,
( 2)COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , REPRESENTED BY ITS LEGAL ADVISER , J . CARBERY , ACTING AS AGENT , WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE OFFICE OF D . FONTEIN , DIRECTOR OF THE LEGAL DEPARTMENT OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK , KIRCHBERG ,
DEFENDANTS ,
Subject of the case
APPLICATION IN THE TERMS SET OUT IN THE PLEADINGS ,
Grounds
1 BY APPLICATION LODGED AT THE COURT REGISTRY ON 11 OCTOBER 1979 , THE APPLICANT , ANTON BIRKE , AN OFFICIAL OF THE COMMISSION EMPLOYED AT THE COMMON RESEARCH CENTRE AT ISPRA IN ITALY , BROUGHT AN ACTION UNDER ARTICLE 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS OF OFFICIALS ( HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS ' ' THE STAFF REGULATIONS ' ' ) AGAINST BOTH THE COUNCIL AND THE COMMISSION FOR THE ANNULMENT OF THE COMMISSION ' S DECISIONS DETERMINING THE APPLICANT ' S REMUNERATION FOR JANUARY AND APRIL 1979 AND OF THE DECISIONS REJECTING THE APPLICANT ' S COMPLAINTS .
2 IN THE VERSION IN FORCE UNTIL THE END OF 1978 ARTICLES 63 AND 64 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS PROVIDED THAT : ' ' AN OFFICIAL ' S REMUNERATION SHALL BE EXPRESSED IN BELGIAN FRANCS . IT SHALL BE PAID IN THE CURRENCY OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE OFFICIAL PERFORMS HIS DUTIES . REMUNERATION PAID IN A CURRENCY OTHER THAN BELGIAN FRANCS SHALL BE CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE PAR VALUES ACCEPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND ON 1 JANUARY 1965 . AN OFFICIAL ' S REMUNERATION EXPRESSED IN BELGIAN FRANCS . . . SHALL BE WEIGHTED AT A RATE ABOVE , BELOW OR EQUAL TO 100% , DEPENDING ON LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE VARIOUS PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT . THE WEIGHTING APPLICABLE TO THE REMUNERATION OF OFFICIALS EMPLOYED AT THE PROVISIONAL SEATS OF THE COMMUNITIES SHALL BE EQUAL TO 100% AS AT 1 JANUARY 1962 . ' '
3 IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 17 OF ANNEX VII TO THE STAFF REGULATIONS AN OFFICIAL MAY HAVE PART OF HIS EMOLUMENTS TRANSFERRED , EITHER REGULARLY OR ON AN EXCEPTIONAL BASIS , TO A COUNTRY OTHER THAN THE ONE IN WHICH HE PERFORMS HIS DUTIES . UNTIL 31 MARCH 1979 ARTICLE 17 ( 4 ) PROVIDED THAT SUCH TRANSFERS WERE TO BE MADE THROUGH THE INSTITUTION TO WHICH THE OFFICIAL BELONGED ' ' AT THE OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE RULING ON THE DATE OF TRANSFER ' ' . THE ' ' OFFICIAL RATE OF EXCHANGE ' ' WITHIN THE MEANING OF THAT PROVISION WAS THE LAST PARITY ACCEPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND , WHICH HAD NOT BEEN ALTERED SINCE 1 NOVEMBER 1969 ( FOR EXAMPLE , BFR 13.66 TO DM 1 ).
4 ON 21 DECEMBER 1978 THE COUNCIL ADOPTED REGULATION ( EURATOM , ECSC , EEC ) NO 3085/78 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 369 , P . 6 ), ARTICLE 1 OF WHICH STATES THAT ARTICLE 63 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS IS REPLACED BY THE FOLLOWING :
' ' OFFICIALS ' REMUNERATION SHALL BE EXPRESSED IN BELGIAN FRANCS . IT SHALL BE PAID IN THE CURRENCY OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE OFFICIAL PERFORMS HIS DUTIES .
REMUNERATION PAID IN A CURRENCY OTHER THAN BELGIAN FRANCS SHALL BE CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE EXCHANGE RATES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GENERAL BUDGET OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ON 1 JULY 1978 .
THIS DATE SHALL BE CHANGED , AT THE TIME OF THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF REMUNERATION PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE 65 , BY THE COUNCIL ACTING BY A QUALIFIED MAJORITY UPON A PROPOSAL FROM THE COMMISSION AS PROVIDED IN THE FIRST INDENT OF THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLES 148 ( 2 ) OF THE EEC TREATY AND OF 118 ( 2 ) OF THE EURATOM TREATY .
WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLES 64 AND 65 , THE WEIGHTINGS FIXED PURSUANT TO THESE ARTICLES SHALL , WHENEVER THE ABOVE DATE IS CHANGED , BE ADJUSTED BY THE COUNCIL , WHICH , ACTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE MENTIONED IN THE THIRD PARAGRAPH , SHALL CORRECT THE EFFECT OF THE VARIATION IN THE BELGIAN FRANC WITH RESPECT TO THE RATES REFERRED TO IN THE SECOND PARAGRAPH . ' '
5 ARTICLE 2 OF THE REGULATION PROVIDES :
' ' ARTICLE 17 OF ANNEX VII SHALL BE REPLACED BY THE FOLLOWING :
ARTICLE 17
1 . PAYMENT SHALL BE MADE TO EACH OFFICIAL AT THE PLACE AND IN THE CURRENCY OF THE COUNTRY WHERE HE CARRIES OUT HIS DUTIES .
2 . UNDER THE TERMS LAID DOWN IN RULES DRAWN UP BY COMMON AGREEMENT BY THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE COMMUNITIES , AFTER CONSULTATION OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS COMMITTEE , AN OFFICIAL MAY :
( A ) THROUGH THE INSTITUTION WHICH HE SERVES , REGULARLY HAVE PART OF HIS EMOLUMENTS TRANSFERRED UP TO A MAXIMUM AMOUNT EQUAL TO HIS EXPATRIATION OR FOREIGN RESIDENCE ALLOWANCE :
- EITHER IN THE CURRENCY OF THE MEMBER STATE OF WHICH HE IS A NATIONAL ,
- OR IN THE CURRENCY OF THE MEMBER STATE IN WHICH EITHER HIS OWN DOMICILE OR THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE OF A DEPENDENT RELATIVE IS LOCATED ,
- OR IN THE CURRENCY OF HIS PREVIOUS COUNTRY OF EMPLOYMENT OR OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH HIS INSTITUTION HAS ITS SEAT , PROVIDED THAT THE OFFICIAL IN QUESTION HAS BEEN ASSIGNED TO A POST OUTSIDE THE TERRITORY OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ;
( B)HAVE REGULAR TRANSFERS MADE IN EXCESS OF THE MAXIMUM STATED AT THE BEGINNING OF PARAGRAPH ( A ) PROVIDED THAT THEY ARE INTENDED TO COVER EXPENDITURE ARISING IN PARTICULAR OUT OF COMMITMENTS PROVED TO HAVE BEEN REGULARLY UNDERTAKEN BY THE OFFICIAL OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY WHERE THE INSTITUTION HAS ITS SEAT OR OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY WHERE HE CARRIES OUT HIS DUTIES .
( C)BE AUTHORIZED , IN VERY EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND FOR GOOD REASONS SUPPORTED BY EVIDENCE , TO HAVE TRANSFERRED , APART FROM THE AFOREMENTIONED REGULAR TRANSFERS , SUMS WHICH HE MAY WISH TO HAVE AVAILABLE IN THE CURRENCIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH ( A ).
3 . THE TRANSFERS PROVIDED FOR IN PARAGRAPH ( 2 ) SHALL BE MADE AT THE EXCHANGE RATE SPECIFIED IN THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 63 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS , THE AMOUNTS TRANSFERRED SHALL BE MULTIPLIED BY A COEFFICIENT REPRESENTING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WEIGHTING FOR THE COUNTRY IN WHICH THE OFFICIAL IS EMPLOYED . ' '
6 ARTICLE 4 OF THE REGULATION PROVIDES THAT THE REGULATION IS TO ENTER INTO FORCE ON 1 JANUARY 1979 AND THAT IT IS TO APPLY FROM 1 APRIL 1979 .
7 ON 21 DECEMBER 1978 THE COUNCIL ALSO ADOPTED REGULATION ( EURATOM , ECSC , EEC ) NO 3086/78 ADJUSTING THE WEIGHTINGS APPLICABLE TO THE REMUNERATION AND PENSIONS OF OFFICIALS AND OTHER SERVANTS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING THE AMENDMENT OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE MONETARY PARITIES TO BE USED IN IMPLEMENTING THE STAFF REGULATIONS . ARTICLE 1 OF THE REGULATION FIXES INTER ALIA THE WEIGHTING APPLICABLE TO REMUNERATION AT 74.3 FOR ITALY AND AT 98.7 FOR THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY .
8 THE APPLICANT HAD REGULARLY TRANSFERRED , THROUGH THE COMMISSION , PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 17 OF ANNEX VII TO THE STAFF REGULATIONS , SPECIFIC AMOUNTS TO THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY . IN MARCH 1979 THE EQUIVALENT IN ITALIAN LIRE OF THE SUMS REGULARLY TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE COMMISSION AMOUNTED TO LIT 652 840 .
9 AS A RESULT OF THE APPLICATION OF THE NEW PROVISIONS CITED ABOVE , AFTER 1 APRIL 1979 THE COST OF THOSE TRANSFERS , EXPRESSED IN ITALIAN LIRE , INCREASED TO LIT 1 120 595 AND THE BALANCE OF HIS REMUNERATION AFTER THE TRANSFERS WAS CONSEQUENTLY REDUCED .
10 FROM 1975 OFFICIALS EMPLOYED AT THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE AT ISPRA COMPLAINED TO THE COMMISSION THAT THE COST OF LIVING IN ITALY HAD CONSIDERABLY INCREASED AND ACCORDINGLY REQUESTED THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY TO BE REVISED . THEY COMPLAINED IN PARTICULAR THAT IN THEIR OPINION THE COST OF LIVING AT VARESE WAS HIGHER THAN IN ROME AND THEY URGED THE COMMISSION TO TAKE ACCOUNT OF THAT DIFFERENCE WHEN FIXING THE WEIGHTING APPLICABLE TO THEIR REMUNERATION .
11 IN 1976 , 1977 AND 1978 CONSULTATIONS ON TECHNICAL MATTERS TOOK PLACE BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE STAFF AND THOSE OF THE COMMISSION AND COUNCIL BUT NO AGREEMENT WAS REACHED ON THE AMOUNT BY WHICH THE WEIGHTING SHOULD BE INCREASED OR ON THE DATE TO WHICH IT SHOULD HAVE RETROACTIVE EFFECT . IN THE MEANTIME BY A SERIES OF REGULATIONS THE COUNCIL HAD INCREASED THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY AS FROM 1 JANUARY 1976 TO 176.6 AS AGAINST 157.8 FOR BELGIUM , AS FROM 1 JULY 1976 TO 189.3 AS AGAINST 157.8 FOR BELGIUM , AS FROM 1 JANUARY 1977 TO 120 AS AGAINST 100 FOR BELGIUM , AS FROM 1 JANUARY 1977 TO 132.1 AS AGAINST 104.5 FOR BELGIUM , AND AS FROM 1 JULY 1977 TO 130.2 AS AGAINST 100 FOR BELGIUM . IN MOST CASES THOSE REGULATIONS HAD A RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF ABOUT SIX MONTHS .
12 ON 26 JUNE 1978 THE COUNCIL ADOPTED REGULATION NO 1461/78 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 176 , P . 1 ) BY WHICH THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY WAS FIXED AT 137.6 AS AGAINST 102.3 FOR BELGIUM . THE RECITALS IN THE PREAMBLE TO THAT REGULATION STATE THAT ' ' A DECISION ON THE COMMISSION PROPOSAL FOR THE CORRECTION OF THE WEIGHTINGS FOR THREE COUNTRIES OF EMPLOYMENT WILL BE TAKEN ONLY IN THE LIGHT OF A STUDY TO BE CARRIED OUT BY THE COMMISSION ' ' .
13 AFTER A FRESH INQUIRY BY THE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE COMMUNITIES AND DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND THE COUNCIL , ON 10 NOVEMBER 1978 THE COMMISSION PROPOSED TO THE COUNCIL TO FIX THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY AT 146.4 AS AGAINST 102.3 FOR BELGIUM WITH RETROACTIVE EFFECT FROM 1 JANUARY 1978 . THAT PROPOSAL WAS ACCEPTED BY THE COUNCIL BY THE ADOPTION OF REGULATION NO 3087/78 OF 21 DECEMBER 1978 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 369 , P . 10 ). ON THE SAME DATE THE COUNCIL ADOPTED REGULATION NO 3084/78 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 369 , P . 1 ) FIXING THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY AT 146.8 AS AGAINST 100 FOR BELGIUM AS FROM 1 JULY 1978 .
14 THE STAFF CHALLENGED REGULATION NO 3087/78 IN SO FAR AS IT FIXED THE WEIGHTING AT A LEVEL WHICH DID NOT TAKE ACCOUNT OF THE COST OF LIVING AT VARESE AND GAVE THAT WEIGHTING RETROACTIVE EFFECT ONLY TO 1 JANUARY 1978 .
15 IN JANUARY 1979 THE COMMISSION PAID THE ARREARS OF REMUNERATION DUE UNDER REGULATIONS NOS 3087/78 AND 3084/78 .
16 ON 26 MARCH 1979 THE APPLICANT SUBMITTED TO THE COMMISSION A COMPLAINT UNDER ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS AGAINST REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 . ON THE SAME DATE HE SUBMITTED TO THE COMMISSION A REQUEST UNDER ARTICLE 90 ( 1 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS THAT THE COMMISSION IMMEDIATELY ADOPT THE MEASURES NECESSARY TO MAKE UP FOR THE LOSS OF PURCHASING POWER IN 1976 AND 1977 . THAT REQUEST CONCERNED REGULATIONS NO 3087/78 .
17 BY A LETTER OF 4 APRIL 1979 THE APPLICANT SUBMITTED A COMPLAINT UNDER ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE RETROACTIVE EFFECT OF THE WEIGHTING FOR ITALY RESULTING FROM REGULATION NO 3087/78 . ON 13 JUNE THE APPLICANT SUBMITTED A COMPLAINT AGAINST THE APPLICATION OF REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 REFLECTED IN HIS SALARY STATEMENT FOR APRIL .
18 BY LETTERS OF 12 JULY AND 28 SEPTEMBER 1979 THE COMMISSION REJECTED THOSE COMPLAINTS .
19 THE APPLICANT THEREUPON BROUGHT THIS ACTION AGAINST THE COUNCIL AND THE COMMISSION . IN SUBSTANCE HE ASKS THE COURT TO :
( 1 ) ANNUL THE SALARY STATEMENTS FOR JANUARY AND APRIL 1979 AND THE DECISIONS ON HIS COMPLAINTS IN SO FAR AS THEY CONTAIN PARTICULARS OF SALARY CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF COUNCIL REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 , 3086/78 AND 3087/78 ;
( 2)DECLARE THAT THE APPLICANT IS ENTITLED TO REMUNERATION WHICH ALSO TAKES ACCOUNT OF THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE ITALIAN LIRA ABROAD AS WELL AS AT VARESE OR , IN THE ALTERNATIVE , IN THE PROVINCE OF VARESE OR , IN THE FURTHER ALTERNATIVE , IN ROME FROM THE TIME AT WHICH THE APPLICANT WAS POSTED TO ISPRA , BUT FROM NO LATER THAN JANUARY 1976 ;
( 3)DECLARE THAT SINCE APRIL 1979 THE APPLICANT HAS BEEN ENTITLED TO REMUNERATION CORRESPONDING TO AT LEAST WHAT HE WAS PAID IN ITALIAN LIRE UP TO AND INCLUDING MARCH 1979 AFTER MAKING THE SAME TRANSFERS UNDER ARTICLE 17 OF ANNEX VII TO THE STAFF REGULATIONS AS THOSE MADE UP TO MARCH 1979 BUT INCREASED BY THE PERCENTAGE OF THE SALARY ADJUSTMENT APPLIED FROM APRIL 1979 IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 65 ( 1 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS ;
( 4)DECLARE REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 ARE INAPPLICABLE TO THE TRANSFERS REGULARLY MADE BY THE APPLICANT ;
( 5)ORDER THE DEFENDANTS TO PAY DAMAGES TOGETHER WITH INTEREST THEREON FOR THE FINANCIAL LOSS SUFFERED BY THE APPLICANT AS A RESULT OF THE APPLICATION OF THE REGULATIONS IN ISSUE .
20 BY A SUBMISSION DATED 11 JANUARY 1980 THE COUNCIL MADE AN OBJECTION AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION . ACCORDING TO THE COUNCIL THE FOLLOWING THREE ACTIONS ARE DISCERNIBLE IN THE APPLICATION : ( 1 ) AN ACTION FOR THE ANNULMENT OF REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 , ( 2 ) AN ACTION FOR DAMAGES FOR NON-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY AND ( 3 ) A CLAIM THAT THE REGULATIONS ARE INAPPLICABLE .
21 AS FAR AS THE ACTION FOR ANNULMENT IS CONCERNED , THE COUNCIL SEES TWO POSSIBILITIES , NAMELY ( A ) AN ACTION BASED ON ARTICLE 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS AND ( B ) AN ACTION BASED ON ARTICLE 146 OF THE EAEC TREATY WHICH CORRESPONDS TO ARTICLE 173 OF THE EEC TREATY . IN THE FIRST CASE THE APPLICATION IS ADMISSIBLE ONLY IF IT COMPLIES WITH THE RULES LAID DOWN BY ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS , WHICH THIS APPLICATION DOES NOT . THE APPLICANT HAS NEVER SUBMITTED TO THE COUNCIL A COMPLAINT WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS . SECONDLY THE COUNCIL CANNOT BE REGARDED AS THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY IN THE APPLICANT ' S CASE . ARTICLE 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS PERMITS AN ACTION TO BE BROUGHT ONLY AGAINST ACTS ADVERSELY AFFECTING OFFICIALS WHICH CAN EMANATE ONLY FROM THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY .
22 IN THE SECOND CASE AN ACTION FOR ANNULMENT CANNOT BE FOUNDED ON ARTICLE 146 OF THE EAEC TREATY . REGULATIONS NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 APPLY TO ALL COMMUNITY OFFICIALS WHEREAS REGULATION NO 3087/78 APPLIES TO ALL OFFICIALS EMPLOYED IN ITALY . THEREFORE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO CONTEND THAT THEY ARE DECISIONS ADDRESSED TO THE APPLICANT OR DECISIONS OF DIRECT AND INDIVIDUAL CONCERN TO HIM ALTHOUGH IN THE FORM OF A REGULATION . THE COUNCIL FURTHERMORE CLAIMS THAT THE ACTION WAS NOT BROUGHT WITHIN TWO MONTHS OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE REGULATIONS IN QUESTION AS REQUIRED BY THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 173 .
23 THE ACTION FOR DAMAGES IS NOT ADMISSIBLE EITHER . ACCORDING TO THE CASE-LAW OF THE COURT , WHERE SUCH A CLAIM ORIGINATES IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYMENT BETWEEN THE PERSONS CONCERNED AND THE INSTITUTION , IT LIES OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF ARTICLES 178 AND 215 OF THE TREATY AS FAR AS ITS ADMISSIBILITY IN PARTICULAR IS CONCERNED .
24 THE CLAIM THAT THE REGULATIONS ARE INAPPLICABLE APPEARS TO BE FOUNDED ON ARTICLE 156 OF THE EAEC TREATY WHICH CORRESPONDS TO ARTICLE 184 OF THE EEC TREATY . THAT PROVISION ENABLES ANY PARTY TO INVOKE BEFORE THE COURT THE INAPPLICABILITY OF A REGULATION IN PROCEEDINGS IN WHICH IT IS IN ISSUE AND IN ORDER TO DO SO TO PLEAD THE GROUNDS SPECIFIED IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 173 OF THE EEC TREATY . HOWEVER , IT IS APPARENT FROM THE DECISIONS OF THE COURT THAT A DECLARATION OF INAPPLICABILITY UNDER ARTICLE 184 OF THE TREATY IS AN INCIDENTAL REMEDY OF LIMITED EFFECT . THE MERE POSSIBILITY OF A DECLARATION OF INAPPLICABILITY DOES NOT OPEN THE WAY TO PROCEEDINGS AGAINST THE COUNCIL JUST BECAUSE IT IS THE INSTITUTION WHICH ADOPTED THE ACT ALLEGED TO BE UNLAWFUL .
25 IN REPLY TO THAT OBJECTION THE APPLICANT CLAIMS THAT THE ACTION AGAINST THE COUNCIL IS NOT AN ACTION FOR ANNULMENT BUT ONLY FOR DAMAGES . IF ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE APPLICANT AND THE COUNCIL , EVEN AS A LEX SPECIALIS THOSE PROVISIONS CANNOT EXCLUDE THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 151 AND THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 188 OF THE EAEC TREATY . THE APPLICANT THEREFORE TAKES THE VIEW THAT HE MAY BASE HIS CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES ON THOSE ARTICLES .
26 THE APPLICANT BELIEVES THAT , IF IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS MUST BE FULFILLED IN EVERY CASE , THEN IT MUST BE SAID THAT THE APPLICANT FULFILS THOSE CONDITIONS BECAUSE HE SUBMITTED A COMPLAINT TO THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY AGAINST THE REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY THE COUNCIL . HE CLAIMS THAT THE COUNCIL IS CONTRADICTING ITSELF WHEN IT RULES OUT ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS FOR AN ACTION FOR ANNULMENT AND YET WISHES THEM TO APPLY TO AN ACTION FOR DAMAGES . THE APPLICANT INVOKES THE INAPPLICABILITY OF THE REGULATIONS ONLY AS AN INCIDENTAL CLAIM .
27 THE OBJECTION RAISED BY THE COUNCIL MUST BE UPHELD . AN ACTION FOR ANNULMENT OF REGULATION NOS 3085/78 AND 3086/78 OF THE COUNCIL IS INADMISSIBLE , SINCE THE REGULATIONS IN QUESTION ARE OF GENERAL APPLICATION AND CANNOT BE ASSIMILATED TO DECISIONS WHICH , ALTHOUGH TAKEN IN THE FORM OF REGULATIONS , ARE OF DIRECT AND INDIVIDUAL CONCERN TO THE APPLICANTS . MOREOVER , EVEN IF SUCH AN ACTION AGAINST THE COUNCIL WERE ADMISSIBLE IN THAT RESPECT IT WOULD NEVERTHELESS BE INADMISSIBLE BECAUSE IT IS OUT OF TIME , HAVING BEEN LODGED AFTER THE EXPIRY OF THE PERIOD LAID DOWN IN THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 146 OF THE EAEC TREATY , WHICH CORRESPONDS TO THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 173 OF THE EEC TREATY .
28 THE APPLICANT ' S CLAIM FOR COMPENSATION SEEKS TO OBTAIN PRECISELY THE SAME RESULTS AS THOSE WHICH HE WOULD OBTAIN FROM THE ANNULMENT OF THE REGULATIONS . THE COURT HAS HELD ON A NUMBER OF OCCASIONS , IN PARTICULAR IN ITS JUDGMENT OF 15 DECEMBER 1966 ( SCHRECKENBERG , CASE 59/65 ( 1966 ) ECR 543 ) THAT ALTHOUGH A PARTY MAY TAKE ACTION BY MEANS OF A CLAIM FOR COMPENSATION WITHOUT BEING OBLIGED BY ANY PROVISION OF LAW TO SEEK THE ANNULMENT OF THE ILLEGAL MEASURE WHICH CAUSES HIM DAMAGE , HE MAY NOT BY THIS MEANS CIRCUMVENT THE INADMISSIBILITY OF AN APPLICATION WHICH CONCERNS THE SAME ILLEGALITY AND WHICH HAS THE SAME FINANCIAL END IN VIEW . THE CLAIM FOR COMPENSATION IS THEREFORE INADMISSIBLE .
29 IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES THE APPLICATION IS INADMISSIBLE IN SO FAR AS IT IS DIRECTED AGAINST THE COUNCIL AND MUST THEREFORE BE DISMISSED .
30 IN ITS DEFENCE THE COMMISSION CLAIMED THE APPLICATION TO BE INADMISSIBLE ONLY IN REGARD TO SOME OF THE APPLICANT ' S HEADS OF CLAIM . THE COURT ( FIRST CHAMBER ) HAS DECIDED NOT TO RULE ON THE QUESTIONS OF THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION AS DIRECTED AGAINST THE COMMISSION BEFORE THE PARTIES SUBMIT ARGUMENTS ON THE SUBSTANCE AND THE DOCUMENTS RELATING THERETO .
Decision on costs
31 UNDER ARTICLE 69 ( 2 ) OF THE RULES OF PROCEDURE THE UNSUCCESSFUL PARTY IS TO BE ORDERED TO PAY THE COSTS .
32 HOWEVER , UNDER ARTICLE 70 OF THE RULES OF PROCEDURE THE COSTS INCURRED BY THE INSTITUTIONS IN PROCEEDINGS BROUGHT BY EMPLOYEES OF THE COMMUNITIES ARE TO BE BORNE BY THOSE INSTITUTIONS .
Operative part
ON THOSE GROUNDS ,
THE COURT ( FIRST CHAMBER )
HEREBY :
1 . DISMISSES THE APPLICATION AS INADMISSIBLE IN SO FAR AS IT IS DIRECTED AGAINST THE COUNCIL .
2 . ORDERS THE APPLICANT AND THE COUNCIL TO BEAR THEIR OWN COSTS .
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy