Parties
Subject of the case
Grounds
Operative part
Keywords
APPLICATION FOR THE ADOPTION OF INTERIM MEASURES - SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF A MEASURE - INTERIM MEASURES - CONDITIONS FOR GRANTING - BALANCING OF ALL THE INTERESTS CONCERNED
( EEC TREATY , ARTS 185 AND 186 ; RULES OF PROCEDURE , ART . 83 ( 2 ))
Parties
IN JOINED CASES 277 AND 300/85 R
CANON INC ., WHOSE REGISTERED OFFICE IS IN TOKYO , JAPAN , CANON FRANCE SA , WHOSE REGISTERED OFFICE IS IN PARIS , FRANCE , CANON RECHNER DEUTSCHLAND GMBH , WHOSE REGISTERED OFFICE IS IN MUNICH , FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY , AND CANON ( UK ) LIMITED , WHOSE REGISTERED OFFICE IS IN WALLINGTON , ENGLAND , ALL REPRESENTED BY I . FORRESTER , ADVOCATE OF THE SCOTS BAR , M . VAN EMPEL , OF THE AMSTERDAM BAR , AND R . BURKE , OF THE IRISH BAR , WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE CHAMBERS OF J.-C . WOLTER , 8 RUE ZITHE ,
APPLICANTS ,
V
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , REPRESENTED BY ITS AGENTS , H.-J . LAMBERS , DIRECTOR OF ITS LEGAL DEPARTMENT , AND E.-H . STEIN , A LEGAL ADVISER IN THAT DEPARTMENT , ASSISTED BY FRANCIS JACOBS , QUEEN ' S COUNSEL , WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE OFFICE OF JORG KASER , DIRECTOR OF THE LEGAL DEPARTMENT OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK , 100 BOULEVARD KONRAD-ADENAUER ,
DEFENDANT ,
SUPPORTED BY
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , REPRESENTED BY ITS AGENT , J . TEMPLE LANG , A MEMBER OF ITS LEGAL DEPARTMENT , WITH AN ADDRESS FOR SERVICE IN LUXEMBOURG AT THE OFFICE OF G . KREMLIS , JEAN MONNET BUILDING , KIRCHBERG ,
INTERVENER ,
Subject of the case
APPLICATION , PRIMARILY , FOR AN ORDER SUSPENDING , AS REGARDS THE APPLICANTS , THE EFFECT OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 1698/85 OF 19 JUNE 1985 IMPOSING A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ON IMPORTS OF ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS ORIGINATING IN JAPAN ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1985 , L 163 , P . 1 ),
Grounds
1 BY AN APPLICATION DATED 7 OCTOBER 1985 , CANON INC ., CANON FRANCE SA , CANON RECHNER DEUTSCHLAND GMBH AND CANON ( UK ) LIMITED REQUESTED THE COURT , PRIMARILY , TO SUSPEND AS REGARDS THEM , EITHER WHOLLY OR IN PART , THE EFFECT OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 1698/85 OF 19 JUNE 1985 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1985 , L 163 , P . 1 ), IMPOSING A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY ON IMPORTS OF ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS PRODUCED BY THE APPLICANTS AND ORDERING THE DEFINITIVE COLLECTION OF THE PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES IMPOSED BY COMMISSION REGULATION NO 3643/84 OF 20 DECEMBER 1984 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1984 , L 335 , P . 43 ), UNTIL THE COURT HAS GIVEN JUDGMENT ON THE MAIN APPLICATION OR , IN THE ALTERNATIVE , TO ORDER ANY OTHER INTERIM MEASURE WHICH THE COURT CONSIDERS LAWFUL AND EQUITABLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES .
2 THAT APPLICATION , WHICH WAS LODGED AT THE COURT REGISTRY ON 8 OCTOBER 1985 , WAS MADE UNDER ARTICLES 185 AND 186 OF THE EEC TREATY AND ARTICLE 83 OF THE RULES OF PROCEDURE .
3 THE APPLICANTS REFER TO THE APPLICATIONS FOR THE ANNULMENT OF THE AFORESAID REGULATION NO 1698/85 , WHICH APPLICATIONS WERE LODGED AT THE COURT REGISTRY BY CANON FRANCE SA , CANON RECHNER DEUTSCHLAND GMBH AND CANON ( UK ) LIMITED ON 6 SEPTEMBER 1985 AND BY CANON INC . ON 4 OCTOBER 1985 .
4 IT APPEARS THAT CASES 277/85 R AND 300/85 R CONCERN THE SAME SUBJECT-MATTER AND THAT THE PARTIES AND THE ADVOCATE GENERAL HAVE RAISED NO OBJECTION TO THEIR BEING JOINED . THE TWO CASES SHOULD THEREFORE BE JOINED FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ORDER TO BE MADE ON THE PRESENT APPLICATION FOR INTERIM MEASURES .
5 BY AN ORDER DATED 9 OCTOBER 1985 THE COMMISSION WAS GRANTED LEAVE , UNDER THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 37 OF THE STATUTE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EEC , TO INTERVENE IN CASES 277/85 R AND 300/85 R IN SUPPORT OF THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE DEFENDANT . IT SUBMITTED WRITTEN OBSERVATIONS ON 10 OCTOBER 1985 .
6 THE DEFENDANT SUBMITTED ITS WRITTEN OBSERVATIONS ON 11 OCTOBER 1985 . THE PARTIES PRESENTED ORAL ARGUMENT ON 14 OCTOBER 1985 .
7 IT IS NECESSARY TO SET OUT THE STAGES WHICH LED UP TO THE COUNCIL ' S ADOPTION OF REGULATION NO 1698/85 . ON 15 FEBRUARY 1984 , A COMPLAINT WAS LODGED WITH THE COMMISSION BY THE COMMITTEE OF EUROPEAN TYPEWRITER MANUFACTURERS ( CETMA ), ALLEGING THE DUMPING OF TYPEWRITERS ORIGINATING IN JAPAN , INCLUDING THOSE OF THE APPLICANTS . ON THE BASIS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED AS A RESULT OF THAT COMPLAINT , THE COMMISSION ADOPTED , ON 20 DECEMBER 1984 , REGULATION NO 3643/84 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1984 , L 335 , P . 43 ) ARTICLE 1 ( 3 ) OF THAT REGULATION IMPOSED A PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING DUTY OF 33.3% ON TYPEWRITERS EXPORTED BY THE APPLICANT . ON 19 JUNE 1985 THE COUNCIL ADOPTED REGULATION NO 1698/85 . ARTICLE 1 ( 4 ) OF THAT REGULATION IMPOSES A DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY OF 35% ON TYPEWRITERS EXPORTED BY THE APPLICANTS AND ARTICLE 2 PROVIDES FOR THE DEFINITIVE COLLECTION OF THE PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES WHICH HAD BEEN IMPOSED BY REGULATION NO 3643/84 .
8 THE APPLICANTS CLAIM THAT , IF THEY ARE NOT TO SUFFER SERIOUS AND IRREPARABLE DAMAGE , THE EFFECT OF THAT REGULATION MUST BE SUSPENDED AS REGARDS THEM UNTIL THE COURT HAS GIVEN JUDGMENT ON THE MAIN APPLICATION .
9 ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 185 OF THE EEC TREATY , ACTIONS BROUGHT BEFORE THE COURT OF JUSTICE SHALL NOT HAVE SUSPENSORY EFFECT . THE COURT OF JUSTICE MAY , HOWEVER , IF IT CONSIDERS THAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES SO REQUIRE , ORDER THAT APPLICATION OF THE CONTESTED ACT BE SUSPENDED AND PRESCRIBE ANY OTHER INTERIM MEASURE PURSUANT TO ARTICLES 185 AND 186 OF THE TREATY .
10 AS A CONDITION ENABLING SUCH MEASURES TO BE GRANTED , ARTICLE 83 ( 2 ) OF THE RULES OF PROCEDURE PROVIDES THAT AN APPLICATION FOR INTERIM MEASURES MUST STATE THE CIRCUMSTANCES GIVING RISE TO URGENCY AND THE FACTUAL AND LEGAL GROUNDS ESTABLISHING A PRIMA FACIE CASE FOR THE INTERIM MEASURES APPLIED FOR .
11 IN THAT REGARD THE APPLICANTS RELY UPON NUMEROUS GROUNDS WHICH , IN THEIR VIEW , ESTABLISH A PRIMA FACIE CASE FOR THE INTERIM MEASURES WHICH THEY SEEK . FIRST , THEY CONSIDER THAT ARTICLE 2 ( 9 ) OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 2176/84 OF 23 JULY 1984 ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1984 , L 201 , P . 1 ), THE BASIC REGULATION ON DUMPING , WAS NOT COMPLIED WITH , SINCE THE NORMAL VALUE AND THE EXPORT PRICE WERE NOT COMPARED AT THE SAME LEVEL OF TRADE . THE WAY IN WHICH THE COMMISSION ASSESSED THE INJURY CAUSED TO THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY ALSO GIVES RISE TO CRITICISM ON THE PART OF THE APPLICANTS . THEY CONSIDER THAT THE COMMISSION OUGHT , IN ITS ASSESSMENT , TO HAVE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT THE FACT THAT A MAJOR CAUSE OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF TWO OF THE THREE EUROPEAN MANUFACTURERS , TRIUMPH ADLER AND OLYMPIA , WAS THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THEIR TRADITIONAL MARKETS FOR MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC TYPEWRITERS AND THEIR INABILITY TO ADAPT QUICKLY TO THE NEW MARKET FOR ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS . THE FACT THAT CERTAIN EUROPEAN PRODUCERS WERE BUYING OEM MACHINES FROM THE JAPANESE COMPANY NAKAJIMA ALL AND THE FACT THAT SUCH SALES CONSTITUTED A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF THEIR SALES ARE ALSO MATTERS WHICH THE COMMISSION OUGHT TO HAVE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT . THE APPLICANTS FURTHER CONTEND THAT GROSS ERRORS WERE COMMITTED IN THE METHOD KNOWN AS THE ' TARGET SALES PRICE ' , USED BY THE COMMISSION TO CALCULATE THE LEVEL AT WHICH THE ANTI-DUMPING DUTY FOR EACH JAPANESE EXPORTER SHOULD BE FIXED IN ORDER TO REMOVE THE INJURY TO THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY .
12 THE COUNCIL AND THE COMMISSION CONSIDER THAT THE GROUNDS RELIED UPON BY THE APPLICANTS CLEARLY EXCEED THE LIMITS OF AN APPLICATION FOR INTERIM MEASURES ; THEY PREJUDGE THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CASE AND NOT ONE OF THEM IS CAPABLE OF ESTABLISHING THE EXISTENCE OF A PRIMA FACIE CASE . THEY ALSO CONSIDER THAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES RELIED UPON BY THE APPLICANTS TO PROVE THE EXISTENCE OF IRREPARABLE DAMAGE , SUCH AS A REDUCTION IN THE VOLUME OF SALES AND IN THE APPLICANTS ' MARKET SHARE AND THE DAMAGE TO ITS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK , ARE INHERENT IN THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ANTI-DUMPING DUTY AND DO NOT PROVE IRREPARABLE DAMAGE GIVING RISE TO URGENCY AND THUS ESTABLISHING A CASE FOR THE GRANT OF THE INTERIM MEASURES APPLIED FOR . IN ADDITION , THE COUNCIL AND THE COMMISSION ARGUE THAT IT IS ESSENTIAL , AS IS CLEAR FROM THE CASES DECIDED BY THE COURT , AND IN PARTICULAR FROM THE ORDER OF 17 DECEMBER 1984 IN CASE 258/84 R , NIPPON SEIKO KK V COUNCIL , TO BALANCE THE APPLICANTS ' INTERESTS AGAINST THE DAMAGE THAT WOULD BE CAUSED TO THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY IF THE INTERIM MEASURES APPLIED FOR WERE GRANTED . THEY CONSIDER THAT THE INTERESTS OF THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY WOULD BE SERIOUSLY HARMED IF THE INTERIM MEASURES REQUESTED BY THE APPLICANTS WERE GRANTED .
13 IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A PRIMA FACIE CASE , THE APPLICANTS REFER IN THEIR APPLICATION FOR INTERIM MEASURES TO VARIOUS FACTUAL AND LEGAL GROUNDS WHICH ARE ALSO SET OUT IN THEIR MAIN APPLICATION . BOTH THE COUNCIL AND THE COMMISSION STATE IN THEIR WRITTEN OBSERVATIONS THAT THEY DO NOT CONSIDER IT NECESSARY IN INTERIM PROCEEDINGS TO SET OUT THEIR VIEWS ON THOSE GROUNDS SINCE THAT WOULD ENTAIL ADOPTING A POSITION ON THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CASE . AT THE HEARING ON 14 OCTOBER 1985 THE TWO COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS , PARTICULARLY THE COMMISSION , STRESSED THAT THEY DID NOT CONSIDER THAT THEY HAD COMMITTED ANY ERROR IN CALCULATING THE DUMPING MARGIN AND ASSESSING THE DAMAGE CAUSED TO THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY BY JAPANESE IMPORTS AND MAINTAINED THAT THEY HAD CORRECTLY APPLIED THE PROVISIONS OF THE REGULATION APPLICABLE IN THIS CASE , REGULATION NO 2176/84 .
14 IN THAT REGARD , AND IN THE LIGHT OF THE ARGUMENTS PUT FORWARD BY THE APPLICANTS , IT MAY BE ACCEPTED THAT THE APPLICANTS HAVE PUT FORWARD PERTINENT ARGUMENTS WHICH IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO EXAMINE IN GREATER DETAIL IN THE PROCEEDINGS RELATING TO THE MAIN APPLICATION AND THAT THE INSTITUTIONS HAVE NOT , AS A RESULT OF THE POSITION ADOPTED BY THEM , AS MENTIONED ABOVE , ATTEMPTED , OR WISHED TO MAKE AN ATTEMPT , TO SHOW THAT THE GROUNDS RELIED UPON BY THE APPLICANTS ARE NOT PERTINENT . SUBJECT TO WHAT IS SAID BELOW IN PARAGRAPH 17 , THE GROUNDS RELIED UPON BY THE APPLICANTS MAY THEREFORE BE REGARDED AS ESTABLISHING A PRIMA FACIE CASE FOR THE INTERIM MEASURES APPLIED FOR .
15 WHILE THE APPLICANTS IN THE PRESENT CASE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO HAVE PUT FORWARD FACTUAL AND LEGAL GROUNDS WHICH MAY BE REGARDED AS ESTABLISHING A PRIMA FACIE CASE FOR SUSPENDING APPLICATION OF THE REGULATION IN DISPUTE , THE COURT MUST ALSO ASSESS THE URGENCY OF THE SUSPENSION REQUESTED AND THE NEED FOR IT FOR THE PURPOSES OF AVOIDING SERIOUS AND IRREPARABLE DAMAGE TO THE APPLICANTS .
16 IN THAT REGARD , THE PARTIES HAVE TAKEN OPPOSING VIEWS AND HAVE SUBMITTED FIGURES ON THE LEVEL OF PRICES AND MARKET SHARES OF THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY AND ITS JAPANESE COMPETITORS IN SUPPORT OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CASES . THE FIGURES SUBMITTED BY THE COUNCIL , AND THE COMMISSION DO NOT CORRESPOND WITH THOSE SUBMITTED BY THE APPLICANTS . IN INTERIM PROCEEDINGS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE PRESIDENT OF THE COURT , WITHOUT PREJUDGING THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CASE , TO ACCEPT FIGURES SUBMITTED BY ONE PARTY IN PREFERENCE TO THOSE SUBMITTED BY THE OTHER , UNLESS , AS IS NOT THE CASE HERE , THERE ARE OTHER FACTORS WEIGHING IN FAVOUR OF ONE PARTY ' S VIEW . HE IS , LIKEWISE , FACED WITH THE SAME IMPOSSIBILITY WHEN IT COMES TO DETERMINING WHETHER THE EXPORT PRICE AND NORMAL VALUE WERE COMPARED AT THE SAME LEVEL OF TRADE .
17 MOREOVER , FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLES 185 AND 186 OF THE EEC TREATY , IT IS NECESSARY TO BALANCE ALL THE DIFFERENT INTERESTS CONCERNED . IN THAT REGARD , THE COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS HAVE ARGUED THAT THE DAMAGE SUFFERED BY THE COMMUNITY INDUSTRY AS A RESULT OF UNDERCUTTING BY THE APPLICANTS IN THE PRICE OF THEIR ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITERS WAS CONSIDERABLE , AND THAT SUSPENSION OF THE DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES WOULD UNDOUBTEDLY BRING ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF PART OF THE COMMUNITY INDUSTRY . IN THE ABSENCE OF RELIABLE AND UNCONTESTED EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY , IT MUST BE ACCEPTED THAT THE ADOPTION OF THE INTERIM MEASURES APPLIED FOR COULD CAUSE APPRECIABLE DAMAGE TO THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY .
18 FROM THE CIRCUMSTANCES SET OUT ABOVE AND ON THE BASIS OF THE PRINCIPLE THAT IN CASE OF DOUBT AN APPLICANT MUST PROVE THAT HIS ALLEGATIONS ARE WELL FOUNDED , IT APPEARS THAT THE APPLICANTS HAVE NOT ADDUCED ADEQUATE EVIDENCE THAT THEY WOULD SUFFER SERIOUS AND IRREPARABLE DAMAGE ESTABLISHING THE URGENCY OF THE INTERIM MEASURES WHICH THEY SEEK .
Operative part
ON THOSE GROUNDS ,
THE PRESIDENT ,
BY WAY OF INTERIM DECISION ,
HEREBY ORDERS AS FOLLOWS :
( 1 ) THE APPLICATION FOR THE ADOPTION OF INTERIM MEASURES IS DISMISSED ;
( 2 ) COSTS ARE RESERVED .
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy