Final Resolution ResDH(2001)114
Human Rights
Application No. 22113/93
Ulens against Belgium
(Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 15 October 2001
at the 764th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies)
The Committee of Ministers, under the terms of former Article 32 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”),
Having regard to Interim Resolution DH (97) 356, adopted on 11 July 1997 in the case of Ulens against Belgium, in which the Committee of Ministers decided to make public the report of the European Commission of Human Rights and has concluded that there had been a violation of Article 6, paragraph 1, of the Convention on account of the lack of transmission to the applicant of the Advocate-General’s conclusions and due to his participation in the deliberation before the Cour de cassation, which ruled in civil matters;
Having regard to Interim Resolution DH (98) 133, regarding the fairness of hearings in proceedings before the Cour de Cassation, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 22 April 1998 at its 626th meeting during which the Committee indicated, in the light of information given by the government of the respondent state, that it has provisionally exercised its functions under former Articles 54 and 32 of the Convention;
Whereas the Committee of Ministers examined the proposals made by the Commission when transmitting its report as regards just satisfaction to be awarded to the applicant, proposals supplemented by a letter of the President of the Commission dated 5 February 1998;
Whereas at the 626th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies, the Committee of Ministers, agreeing with the Commission’s proposals, held by a decision adopted on 22 April 1998, in accordance with former Article 32, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that the government of the respondent state was to pay the applicant as just satisfaction, within three months, the sum of 70 000 Belgian francs in respect of costs and expenses, and that interest should be payable on any unpaid sum, calculated on the basis of each full elapsed month of delay at the statutory rate applicable on the date of this decision, it being understood that the interest would accrue from the expiry of the time-limit until full payment was placed at the disposal of the applicant;
Whereas the Committee of Ministers invited the government of the respondent state to inform it of the measures taken following its decisions of 11 July 1997 and 22 April 1998, having regard to Belgium’s obligation under former Article 32, paragraph 4, of the Convention to abide by them;
Whereas during the examination of the case by the Committee of Ministers, the government of the respondent state accordingly gave the Committee information about the measures taken in consequence of the Committee’s decisions taken to avoid new violations of the same kind as that found in this case (this information appears in the Appendix to this resolution);
Whereas the Committee of Ministers satisfied itself that on 8 July 1998, the government of the respondent state had paid the applicant, within the time-limit set, the total sum of 70 000 Belgian francs as just satisfaction,
Declares, after having taken note of the measures taken by the Government of Belgium, that it has exercised its functions under former Article 32 of the Convention in this case.
Appendix to Final Resolution ResDH(2001)114
Information provided by the Government of Belgium
during the examination of the Ulens case
by the Committee of Ministers
The Government of Belgium points out that, immediately after the European Court of Human Rights had given judgment in the Borgers case, the Cour de Cassation provisionally introduced a new practice whereby applicants may reply to the opinion of the representative of the prosecutor’s office, and the latter no longer takes part in the deliberations. This measure was also applied, in civil proceedings, immediately after the issue of the European Court’s judgment in the Vermeulen case, and, in disciplinary proceedings, immediately after the issue of the judgment in the Van Orshoven case.
This practice has now been enshrined in the Judicial Code, to bring Belgian law fully into line with the requirements of the Convention: the Act of 14 November 2000, amending the Judicial Code in respect of the intervention of the Representative of the prosecutor’s office in proceedings before the Cour de Cassation and, in civil cases, the courts deciding on the merits, and amending Articles 420bis and 420ter of the Code of Criminal Procedure was published in the Official Gazette on 19 December 2000, and so came into force on that day.
First, Article 1107 of the Judicial Code has been amended and now provides that:
“After the report, the representative of the prosecutor’s office shall give his conclusions. The parties shall then be heard. (…)
When the conclusions of the representative of the prosecutor’s office are in writing, the parties may, not later than the hearing and solely in reply to the conclusions of the representative of the prosecutor’s office, submit a memorandum, in which they may not adduce new arguments.
Any party may request at the hearing that the case be held over, so that he can reply orally, or in a memorandum, to the written or oral conclusions of the representative of the prosecutor’s office. The court shall specify the time by which a memorandum must be submitted.”
It should be emphasised that the Act provides that the opinion of the representative of the prosecutor’s office is to be communicated to the parties’ legal representatives or to the parties themselves if they are not represented.
Secondly, the provision contained in Article 1109 of the Judicial Code allowing the representative of the prosecutor’s office to attend the deliberations, except in cases where he himself had appealed to the Cour de Cassation, has been revoked. It has been replaced as follows: “judgments shall be given at a public hearing by the President, in the presence of the representative of the prosecutor’s office, and with the registrar in attendance”.
The Government of Belgium believes that there is no further risk of violations of the kind found in this case, and that it has accordingly complied with its obligations under the former Article 32 of the Convention.
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