WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center
ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
DFO, Inc. v. Christian Williams
Case No. D2000-0181
1. The Parties
Complainant is:
DFO, Inc.
203 East Main Street
Spartanburg, South Carolina 29319
USA
Represented by:
Scott A. Zebrak, Esq.
Venable, Baetjer, Howard & Civiletti, LLP
1201 New York Avenue, N. W.
Suite 1000
Washington, D.C. 20005
USA
Respondent is:
Christian Williams
1917 Teel Avenue
Lansing, Michigan 48910
USA
Respondent�s new address is: 685 Constitutions Dr., Apt 4, Palatine, Illinois 60073, USA.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name is: . The registrar for this domain name is Network Solutions Incorporated (NSI), Herndon, Virginia, USA.
3. Procedural History
This domain name dispute is to be decided under the International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Policy and Rules (the Policy and the Rules) and the Supplemental Rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization�s Arbitration and Mediation Center (the Center). The Complaint was filed on March 17, 2000. On March 22, 2000, the Center requested that NSI check and report back on who the registrant was for the domain name . On March 24, 2000, NSI reported to the Center that the registrant was the Respondent:
Christian Williams
1917 Teel Avenue
Lansing, Michigan 48910
USA
On March 27, 2000, the Center forwarded a copy of the Complaint to Respondent by registered mail and by e-mail. Although at one point it appeared Respondent might be in default, on April 18, 2000, the Center received a written Response by courier that had been timely sent. The Administrative Panel submitted a Declaration of Impartiality and Independence on April 28, 2000, and the Center proceeded to appoint the Panel on April 29, 2000.
This Panel agrees that the Center thus far has adhered to the Policy and the Rules in administering this Case.
This Decision is due by May 14, 2000.
4. Factual Background
Complainant is the owner of a service mark , "DENNY�S", which it has used for its family restaurants since the 1950�s, and which it first registered in the United States in 1962. There are now some 2,000 "DENNY�S" family restaurants in forty-nine of the fifty United States and abroad.
Respondent registered the domain name in early 1998. Respondent used this domain name until January, 1999 to: (a) provide a website where he could post his diary about his frequent trips to his local DENNY�S in Lansing, Michigan; and (b) post letters and comments from other DENNY�S restaurant aficionados. It was, in sum, a kind of chat group website where DENNY�S restaurant habituees could exchange news and views.
At various times during 1998 and 1999 (Complaint Exhibits G, I and J), Complainant contacted Respondent to assert service mark infringement and to attempt to convince him to turn over the domain name to Complainant. Under NSI proceedings before the ICANN Policy and Rules were adopted, NSI placed this domain name on hold on January 22, 1999. The parties never reached an agreement, and Complainant now seeks resolution of the dispute through this Administrative Proceeding pursuant to the Policy and the Rules.
5. Parties� Contentions
Complainant contends the following:
- Respondent�s domain name is identical or confusingly similar to Complainant�s registered service mark "DENNY�S".
- The "DENNY�S" service mark is famous throughout the United States.
- The public will be confused by Respondent�s domain name and will believe Respondent�s website is affiliated with or sponsored by Complainant.
- Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the domain name .
- Respondent used the domain name to post "vulgar, sexist and racist language" on its website (Complaint p.7 and Exhibit H), which tarnished Complainant�s service mark.
- The domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith because, among other things, Respondent had notice of Complainant�s service mark when he registered his domain name during 1998.
- Respondent attempted to sell back the domain name to Complainant for financial gain (Complaint p.8).
- Remedy Requested: Complainant requests that the disputed domain name, , be turned over to Complainant.
6. Respondent�s Contentions
- Respondent contends his domain name is not identical to Complainant�s service mark "DENNY�S" because of the apostrophe in the latter which is not found in the former.
- Respondent contends he did have a legitimate interest in the disputed domain name, which interest was creating a website functioning as a chat group for DENNY�S restaurant patrons.
- Respondent contends there could not be confusion between his website and those of DENNY�S restaurants because of the prominent disclaimer he began showing on his website no later than April 7, 1998 (Complaint Exhibit H ).
- Respondent contends he did not register and use the disputed domain name in bad faith because his motive was not money, and because he did not register other domain names in hopes of selling them.
- Finally, Respondent states that, if the domain name were returned to him, he would no longer use it to run his DENNY�S internet chat group because he no longer has time to frequent DENNY�S restaurants.
7. Discussion and Findings
In order for Complainant to prevail and have the disputed domain name transferred to it, Complainant must prove the following (the Policy, para 4(a)(i-iii):
(i) the domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
(iii) the domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
8. Identical or Confusingly Similar
Complainant has provided an exemplary copy of its "DENNY�S" service mark (United States Trademark no. 0740359, Complaint Exhibit C) which was first registered on the principal register in the United States on November 6, 1962 in international category 42 (coffee shops and similar). Complainant also registered a number of related service marks on the United States� principal register connected with various international categories of services or products (29, 30 and 32, Complaint Exhibit D). These service marks have been renewed periodically and are currently valid. They are all related to the restauration business and to Complainant�s core service mark "DENNY�S".
Respondent contends his domain name is neither identical nor confusingly similar to Complainant�s service mark because of the difference of an apostrophe. We find Respondent�s response disingenuous on this point: the public is unlikely to retain in mind the difference of the apostrophe if it sees Respondent�s service mark after seeing Complainant�s and vice versa. In their documents (Exhibits G, I and J, Complaint p.7, Response p.1), both Respondent and Complainant allude to the public actually having been confused.
This Panel finds that, at a minimum, Respondent�s domain name is confusingly similar to Complainant�s service mark.
9. Legitimate Rights or Interests
Respondent was not using the disputed domain name to run a business. Instead, Respondent used this domain name to run a chat group of DENNY�S restaurant habituees.
But even though Respondent�s main argument for being able to use the "DENNY�S" service mark is, in effect, a "fair use" argument (the Policy para 4 (c ) (iii)), Respondent did not choose a domain name that made fair use of the DENNY�S service mark to identify his website for what it was, ie, a DENNY�S restaurant chat group with no official affiliation with DENNY�S restaurants. Any number of ways of styling such a fair use domain name come readily to mind.
The Rules 15 (a) allow this Panel to advert to relevant jurisdiction law where this Panel finds it appropriate. Therefore, just as this Panel finds Respondent failed to make a fair and non-infringing use of Complainant�s service mark when registering the domain name , this Panel also finds it appropriate to follow the general United States� consensus that a disclaimer such as Respondent�s does not remedy Respondent�s confusing and therefore infringing use of Complainant�s service mark, particularly in view of the fact that the confused public would have been drawn to the domain name and, only after clicking on that name, would have read the disclaimer:
"This is not the official Denny�s site. But what the hell, it may as well be. I have no connections to Denny�s management (except for my fake Denny�s business card) so don�t piss and moan over how your food wasn�t cooked all the way�.."
Finally, but not least importantly, Respondent states he no longer frequents Denny�s restaurants and that, if the domain name were returned to him, he would not use it for a Denny�s chat group (Response p.2).
Accordingly, this Panel finds Respondent does not have a right or legitimate interest in the disputed domain name .
10. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
Complainant has shown that its service mark was registered in 1962 (Complaint Exhibit D). This provided constructive notice to Respondent that the domain name he registered during 1998 was infringing. Moreover, with nearly 2,000 restaurants in the U.S., and with Respondent himself being an assiduous patron of the DENNY�s restaurant in Lansing, Michigan, Respondent also had actual notice of Complainant�s service mark when he registered his domain name . The Policy (para 4(b)) states that this Panel is empowered to find bad faith based on evidence additional to that specifically enumerated at para 4(b) of the Policy.
Respondent�s registration of the disputed domain name with full knowledge the name belonged to Complainant and Respondent�s subsequent use of the website to publish sexually explicit language and racial epithets (Complaint Exhibit H) which tarnished Complainant�s service mark are to this Panel strong evidence of bad faith.
The evidence on Respondent�s attempts to sell the disputed domain name to Complainant for more than he paid for it is unclear but, in view of the already discussed indicia of bad faith, this Panel does not feel the need to delve into Respondent�s possible motives for attempting to sell the disputed domain name back to Complainant (Complaint Exhibit I).
This Panel finds the Respondent registered and used the domain name in bad faith.
11. Decision
This decision is based on the foregoing findings that Respondent�s domain name is at a minimum confusingly similar to Complainant�s service mark, that Respondent has no legitimate interest in the domain name, and that Respondent registered and was using the domain name in bad faith. Pursuant to ICANN Policy para 4(i) and Rule 15, this Panel�s decision is that the disputed domain name, be transferred from the Respondent, Christian Williams, to the Complainant, DFO, Inc.
Dennis A. Foster
Sole Panelist
May 14, 2000
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy