WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center
ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
Merle Norman Cosmetics Inc. v. Merle-Norman
Case No. D2001-0474
1. The Parties
The Complainant is Merle Norman Inc. of 9130 Bellanca Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States of America.
The Respondent is Merle-Norman of 2083 Tentt Brigadier Drake 92083, 2083 Bartolo, Argentina.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The domain name at issue is:
and the Registrar is:
Network Solutions, Inc.
3. Procedural History
The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center [the Center] received the Complaint on March 31, 2001, [electronic version] and on April 6, 2001, [hard copy]. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfies the formal requirements of the ICANN Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [the Policy], the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [the Rules], and the Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [the Supplemental Rules]. The Complainant made the required payment to the Center.
The formal date of the commencement of this administrative proceeding is April 19, 2001.
On April 6, 2001, the Center transmitted via email to Network Solutions, Inc. a request for registrar verification in connection with this case and on April 9, 2001, Network Solutions, Inc. transmitted by email to the Center Network Solutions' verification response confirming that the registrant and billing contact is Merle-Norman of the above address and that the contact for both administrative purposes is of 2083 Bould Benver 32083, 2083 Palm 2083, 2083 Plmo 2083, 34212 Argentina.
Having verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Policy and the Rules, the Center transmitted on April 19, 2001, to:
2083 2083 iauto
postmaster@
the Notification of Complaint and Commencement of the Administrative Proceeding.
The Center advised that the Response was due by May 8, 2001. On the same day the Center transmitted by fax and by mail copies of the foregoing documents to:
Merle-Norman
1083 Tentt Brigadier Drake 92083
Bartolo 2083
Argentina;
Merle-Norman
2083 Alioe 632083
2083 Porrillo 2083,
Uruguay;
and to
2083 Bould Benver 32083
2083 Palm 2083
2083 Plmo 2083 34212
Argentina.
No Response was received from the Respondent by the due date of May 8, 2001. On May 10, 2001, Notification of Respondent Default was sent to the Complainant and to the Respondent using the same contact details and methods as were used for the Notification of Complaint and Commencement of the Administrative Proceedings. No reply by the Respondent to the Notification of the Respondent Default was received.
Having received on May 22, 2001, Mr. David Perkins' Declaration of Impartiality and Independence and his Statement of Acceptance, the Center transmitted to the parties a Notification of Appointment of Administrative Panel and Projected Decision Date, in which Mr. David Perkins was formally appointed as the Sole Panelist. The Projected Decision Date was June 11, 2001. The Sole Panelist finds that the Administrative Panel was properly constituted and appointed in accordance with the Rules and the Supplemental Rules.
Having reviewed the communication records in the case file, the Administrative Panel finds that the Center has discharged its responsibility under paragraph 2(a) of the Rules "to employ reasonably available means calculated to achieve actual notice to Respondents". Therefore, the Administrative Panel shall issue its Decision based upon the Complaint, the Policy, the Rules and the Supplemental Rules and without the benefit of any Response from the Respondent.
4. Factual background
4.1 The Complainant
4.1.1 Complainant's Business
The Complainant manufactures and sells fine quality cosmetics, fragrances and skin care products through a worldwide system of some 2,000 franchised studios. The Complainant has used the MERLE NORMAN mark continuously since as early as 1931, in relation to the marketing of those goods and services, which are as a result very well known in the United States and worldwide.
4.1.2 The Complainant's TradeMarks
The Complainant owns registered trademarks in Classes 3 and 42 for MERLE NORMAN, both in block and stylized form, in some 23 countries worldwide. The earliest dating from use in commerce in the United States in 1928. Of those registrations 5 are for countries in Central and South America and 2 further are for countries in the Caribbean. Particulars of the Complainant's MERLE-NORMAN trademark registrations are set out below.
Country
Mark
No.
Class
Filed
United States of America
MERLE NORMAN stylized
521,472
3
February 9, 1948, based on first use in commerce in 1929
United States of America
MERLE NORMAN stylized
1,391,300
3
September 23, 1985, based on first use in commerce in 1928
United States of America
MERLE NORMAN Block
1,399,010
42
November 1, 1985
United States of America
MERLE NORMAN Block
1,412,879
3
September 23, 1985
United States of America
MERLE NORMAN Block
2,077,608
3
August 19, 1996
Bahrain
MERLE NORMAN Block
7790
-
March 31, 1983
Brazil
MERLE NORMAN Block
818789514
-
September 28, 1995
Mexico
MERLE NORMAN Block
417,911
-
December 23, 1991
Netherlands Antilles
MERLE NORMAN Block
9570
-
January 30, 1975
New Zealand
MERLE NORMAN Block
B196,222
-
September 19, 1989
Saudi Arabia
MERLE NORMAN Block
269/73
-
May 2, 1992
Singapore
MERLE NORMAN Block
B62,901
-
December 13, 1974
South Africa
MERLE NORMAN Block
74/5419
-
October 14, 1974
Thailand
MERLE NORMAN Block
30026
-
January 19, 1972
Canada
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
139,064
-
December 8, 1961
El Salvador
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
119,075
-
December 22, 1978
Finland
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
77,311
-
December 4, 1975
Guatemala
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
24950/141/65
-
May 10, 1972
Hong Kong
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
1650/1976
-
October 10, 1975
Hong Kong
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
204,1979
-
June 20, 1928
Indonesia
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
363774
-
October 27, 1995
Italy
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
360,586
-
September 7, 1978
Japan
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
2,365,698
-
August 31, 1989
Jordan
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
21011
-
October 5, 1983
Malaysia
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
M/70942
-
February 23, 1976
Netherlands Antilles
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
9570
-
January 20, 1975
Norway
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
72,154
-
June 16, 1977
Panama
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
19,682
-
June 28, 1975
Puerto Rico
MERLE NORMAN Stylized
21,853
-
October 11, 1978
4.2 The Respondent
4.2.1 The true identity of the Respondent is a matter for speculation. The domain name in issue is registered in the name of Merle-Norman at an address in Bartolo, Argentina which is also the address of the Billing Contact. The Administrative and Technical Contact is , the former with an address in Palm, Argentina and the latter with an address in Porrillo, Uruguay.
4.2.2 The only Response to the Complainant's various attempts to contact the Respondent at the addresses given on the WHOIS database has been an email dated January 12, 2001, from a Victor Alonzo at victoralonzo4@ which read:
"Please feel free to take as much legal action as you consider necessary."
This was in reply to an email from the Complainant's counsel dated January 17, 2001, requesting cancellation or transfer of the domain name in issue. That letter was sent to the Registrant and to the Administrative Contact at the 2 addresses in Argentina, Bartolo and Palm / Plmo.
5. The Parties' Contentions
5.1 The Complainant
5.1.1 Identical or Confusingly Similar
Self-evidently the Complainant's registered MERLE NORMAN word marks are substantially identical to the domain name in issue. The Complainant rightly states that the existence of a hyphen is immaterial.
5.1.2 Rights or Legitimate Interests
The Complaint asserts that there is no evidence of the Respondent's use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services. The Complainant put the Respondent on notice of this dispute by its emails of January 17, 2001, [referred to in paragraph 4.2 above], sent only 11 days after the Respondent registered the domain name in issue on January 6, 2001. The domain name does not even resolve to a website stated to be under construction.
Further, when the Complainant - having received no Response to its January 17, emails other than the one line communication from Victor Alonzo [referred to in paragraph 4.2 above] - sent a follow up email on March 13, 2001, advising the Respondent of its intention to pursue appropriate relief, the Respondent continued to remain silent.
- It follows that there is no evidence of the Respondent making a legitimate or fair use of the domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the MERLE NORMAN trademark.
- Nor is there any evidence that the Respondent has even been known by the domain name in issue.
- Finally, the Complainant has not authorized or otherwise licensed the Respondent to use the MERLE NORMAN name or mark, whether in relation to the Complainant's products or otherwise. In fact, the Complainant actively promotes its goods and services on its website located at . Further, the Complainant has never permitted even its authorized licensees to operate independent websites using the MERLE NORMAN mark, much less as part of a domain name.
- Thus, the Complaint asserts that none of the circumstances set out in paragraph 4(c) of the Policy which demonstrates rights or legitimate interests in the domain in issue are present in this case.
5.1.3 Registered and Used in Bad faith
- In an article by Anthony De Bartolo published in the Chicago Reader on September 1, 2000, reference is made to a Victor Alonzo of Colombia as the Registrant of the domain name offered for sale at US$25,000.00. The current registrant of that domain name is shown in the WHOIS database as having an address at Brigadier Drake 9, Bartolo 34212, Argentina. This is, of course, very similar to the address of the registrant of the domain name in issue [see paragraph 3 above]. Given Victor Alonzo's reply of January 18, 2001, to the emails of January 17, 2001, from the Complainant's attorneys, the evidence points towards the registrant of the two domain names being one and the same person.
- It is now settled that under the Policy bad faith use can occur even in the context of a passive, inactive holding of a domain name [The Telstra case, WIPO Case No. D2000-0003]. The circumstances suggested in Telstra to be relevant to bad faith in that context were:
- the well-known and widely known status of the Complainant's trademarks;
- the lack of any evidence of rights or legitimate interests;
- the Respondent taking active steps to conceal his true identity, believed to be Victor Alonzo;
- the consequent provision of false information in breach of the Registration Agreement; and
- the difficulty, in the circumstances, of envisaging any use of the domain name in issue that would be legitimate.
- The Complainant concludes that the Respondent could have had only two possible intentions for registering the domain name in issue. Either, selling rights to the Complainant for an amount in excess of Respondent's out of pocket expenses; or eventually attempting to attract Internet users for commercial gain by creating confusion as to source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent's website. As to the former, Victor Alonzo is already reported as offering for sale another domain name for a sum well in excess of his costs directed related to that domain name, namely US$25,000.00 [see paragraph 4.2.2 above].
- Thus the Complainant avers that circumstances evidencing bad faith exist under paragraphs 4b(i) and (iv) and, additionally, that the alternative indicia of bad faith proposed in Telstra case are also present.
6. Discussion and Findings
6.1 The policy paragraph 4(a) provides that to succeed in obtaining the cancellation or transfer of a domain name the Complainant must satisfy each of the following requirements, namely:
- that the domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant had rights; and
- that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
- the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
6.2 Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy sets out circumstances which, in particular but without limitation, if found by the Panel to be present shall demonstrate the Respondent's rights or legitimate interests to the domain name for the purposes of paragraph 4a(ii) of the Policy.
6.3 Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out circumstances which, again in particular but without limitation, if found by the Panel to be present shall be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith.
6.4 Identical or Confusingly Similar
The Complainant succeeds in satisfying the first requirement of paragraph 4a(i) of the Policy that the domain name in issue is identical to the Complainant's MERLE NORMAN trade mark. The presence of a hyphen is, the Panel agrees, immaterial.
6.5 Rights or Legitimate Interests
In the absence of a Response, the Panel has nothing before it to challenge the assertions made by the Complainant, all of which in the circumstances set out in the Complaint and certain of the documents appended to it seem to the Panel to be well founded. Accordingly, the Panel finds that the Complainant has also satisfied the second requirement under paragraph 4a(ii) of the Policy.
6.6 Registered and Used in Bad Faith
The absence of a Response itself has been held to be indicia of bad faith. Lack of rights or legitimate interests in the domain name has been held to be another. When these are added to the catalogue of circumstances presented by the Complainant in paragraph 5.1.3 above, the Panel has no hesitation in finding that the Complainant has satisfied the dual requirements of paragraph 4a(iii) of the Policy. The Panel agrees that the circumstances of this case fall very much into the same category as those found by the panel in Telstra.
7. Decision
In the light of all the foregoing circumstances, the Panel decides that the Complaint satisfies all the requirements of paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. Accordingly, the Panel directs that the domain name be transferred to the Complainant.
David Perkins
Sole Panelist
Dated: June 7, 2001
Full & Egal Universal Law Academy