The Complainant is Philip Morris Products S.A., Switzerland, represented by D.M. Kisch Inc., South Africa.
The Respondent is Alireza Ejtehadi, United Arab Emirates.
2. The Domain Name and RegistrarThe disputed domain name
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on July 16, 2021. On July 16, 2021, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On August 2, 2021, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on August 5, 2021, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on August 10, 2021.
The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on August 11, 2021. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was August 31, 2021. The Respondent did not submit any formal response, however sent an email communication on August 12, 2021. On September 1, 2021, the Center informed the Parties that it will proceed to panel appointment.
The Center appointed Wilson Pinheiro Jabur as the sole panelist in this matter on September 8, 2021. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual BackgroundThe Complainant is part of the Philip Morris International Inc. (hereinafter referred to as “PMI”), an international tobacco conglomerate that sells tobacco products in around 180 countries of the world.
One of its products is the IQOS system, a precisely controlled heating device into which specially designed tobacco products under the trademarks HEETS or HEATSTICKS are inserted and heated to generate flavorful nicotine-containing aerosol. Such products are being marketed in key cities in around 66 markets across the world through official IQOS stores and websites and selected authorized distributors and retailers.
The Complainant owns among others the following trademarks (Annexes 6 and 7 to the Amended Complaint):
- International registration No. 1218246 for the word mark IQOS, registered on July 10, 2014, in classes 9, 11, and 34;
- International registration No. 1338099 for the device mark IQOS, registered on November 22, 2016, in class 35; and
- International registration No. 1329691 for the device mark IQOS, registered on August 10, 2016, in classes 9, 11, and 34.
The disputed domain name was registered on December 27, 2020, and presently resolves to an active online shop displayed in Persian and allegedly selling and offering the Complainant’s IQOS system and third-party products, as well as repair and maintenance services, claiming to be “the official sales and repair agent of IQOS products in Iran”.
5. Parties’ Contentions A. ComplainantThe Complainant claims to have developed the IQOS system, first launched in Nagoya, Japan in 2014.
Asserting to have invested over USD 8.1 billion in extensive international sales and marketing efforts to promote its IQOS system, the Complainant states that its new product has obtained considerable international success and reputation, approximately having 19 million relevant consumers worldwide.
According to the Complainant, the use of the disputed domain name in connection with an online shop directed to the Iranian market, written in Persian, indicating prices in the Iranian currency as well as a physical address in Tehran, purporting to be an official retailer and authorized repair services of the Complainant’s IQOS system in Iran, when it is not, by reproducing the Complainant’s trademarks and logos and not clearly indicating any specific details regarding the identity of the provider of the website, nor clarifying the relationship to the Complainant, creates a false impression of endorsement by the Complainant.
Under the Complainant’s view, the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s IQOS trademark given that it is well accepted that the test for confusing similarity involves a reasoned but relatively straightforward comparison between the Complainant’s trademark and the disputed domain name to assess whether the mark is recognizable within the disputed domain name (see section 1.7 of the WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition (“WIPO Overview 3.0”)).
Regarding the absence of the Respondent’s rights or legitimate interests, the Complainant argues that:
(i) it has not licensed or otherwise permitted the Respondent to use any of its trademarks or to register a domain name incorporating its IQOS trademark;
(ii) the Respondent is not making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, rather showing a clear intent to obtain an unfair commercial gain, with a view to misleadingly diverting consumers or to tarnish the trademarks owned by the Complainant;
(iii) the Respondent is not an authorized reseller of the Complainant’s IQOS system or HEETS tobacco sticks;
(iv) the criteria for a bona fide offering of goods or services as established in Oki Data Americas, Inc. v. ASD, Inc,WIPO Case No. D2001-0903 are not met;
(v) the disputed domain name and the content of the website to which it resolves make the false statement of being the official sales and repair agent of the Complainant’s IQOS system in Iran, which is not true; and
(vi) the website to which the disputed domain name resolves includes no information regarding the identity of the provider of the website which further serves to perpetuate the false impression of a commercial relationship between the disputed domain name and the Complainant.
As to the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith, the Complainant states that:
(i) the Respondent knew of the Complainant’s trademark when registering the disputed domain name;
(ii) the term IQOS is a purely imaginative term and unique to the Complainant, not commonly used to refer to tobacco products and therefore it is beyond the realm of reasonable coincidence that the Respondent chose the disputed domain name without intention of invoking a misleading association with the Complainant;
(iii) the purpose of the Respondent’s registration of the disputed domain name was to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s registered trademark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of its website; and
(iv) by reproducing the Complainant’s registered trademark in the disputed domain name and in the title of the website, the Respondent’s website suggests the Complainant or an affiliated dealer of the Complainant as the source of the website which is not the case; being this suggestion also supported by the Respondent’s use of the Complainant’s official product images.
B. RespondentThe Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions, having merely sent an informal email message inquiring the reason for the complaint and its context.
6. Discussion and FindingsParagraph 4(a) of the Policy sets forth the following three requirements, which have to be met for this Panel to order the transfer of the disputed domain name to the Complainant:
(i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
The Complainant must prove in this administrative proceeding that each of the aforementioned three elements is present in order to obtain the transfer of the disputed domain name.
In accordance with paragraph 14(a) of the Rules, if the Respondent does not submit a Response, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, the Panel shall decide the dispute based upon the Complaint.
A. Identical or Confusingly SimilarThe Complainant has established rights over the IQOS trademark.
The disputed domain name reproduces in its entirety the Complainant’s IQOS trademark and is thus confusingly similar therewith, and the addition of the geographical term “Tehran” does not avoid a finding of confusing similarity under the Policy. See WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.8.
For the reasons above, the Panel finds that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademark.
B. Rights or Legitimate InterestsParagraph 4(c) of the Policy provides a nonexclusive list of circumstances that may indicate the Respondent’s rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. These circumstances are:
(i) before any notice of the dispute, the Respondent’s use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) the Respondent (as an individual, business, or other organization) has been commonly known by the disputed domain name, in spite of not having acquired trademark or service mark rights; or
(iii) the Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
The Respondent has failed to invoke any of the circumstances, which could demonstrate, pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of the Policy, any rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Nevertheless, the burden of proof is still on the Complainant to make at least a prima facie case against the Respondent under the second UDRP element.
In that sense, and according to the evidence submitted, the Complainant has made a prime facie case against the Respondent that the Respondent has not been commonly known by the disputed domain name and neither is an authorized reseller of the Complainant’s IQOS system and HEETS tobacco sticks nor has been licensed or otherwise permitted to use any of the Complainant’s trademarks or to register a domain name relating to the Complainant’s trademarks.
Also according to the evidence submitted by the Complainant, the use made of the disputed domain name in connection with an online shop reproducing the Complainant’s marketing material and targeting the Iranian market clearly suggests at least an affiliation with the Complainant, which in fact does not exist. Such use does not constitute a bona fide offering of goods or services, nor a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name in these circumstances.
The Panel also notes that the information available on the website does not indicate who is the provider of the online shop, and the claim of being “the official sales and repair agent of IQOS products in Iran” indicates that the Respondent is making Internet users believe that the disputed domain name is related with the Complainant, when it is not.
Under these circumstances and absent evidence to the contrary, the Panel finds that the Respondent does not have rights or legitimate interests with respect to the disputed domain name.
C. Registered and Used in Bad FaithThe Policy indicates in paragraph 4(b)(iv) that bad faith registration and use can be found in respect of a disputed domain name, where a respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the respondent’s website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with a complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the website or location or of a product or service on the website or location.
In this case, both the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith can be found pursuant to Policy, paragraph 4(b)(iv) in view of the reproduction of the Complainant’s products and official marketing materials at the online shop that is available at the webpage relating to the disputed domain name, which creates a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s marks as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement thereof.
Moreover, the indication of what appears to be false or incomplete contact details provided in WhoIs information relating to the disputed domain name, as confirmed by the courier’s undeliverable communication, is a further indication of the Respondent’s bad faith.
For the reasons above, the Respondent’s conduct has to be considered, in this Panel’s view, as bad faith registration and use of the disputed domain name.
7. DecisionFor the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name
Wilson Pinheiro Jabur
Sole Panelist
Date: September 22, 2021