ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION CENTER ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION Brixmor Property Group, Inc. v. 杨智超 (Zhi Chao Yang) Case No. D2023-0470 1. The Parties Complainant is Brixmor Property Group, Inc., United States of America ("USA" or "US"), represented by Neal, Gerber & Eisenberg, United States. Respondent is 杨智超 (Zhi Chao Yang), China. 2. The Domain Name and Registrar The disputed domain name is registered with Cloud Yuqu LLC (the "Registrar"). 3. Procedural History The Complaint was filed in English with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center") on January 30, 2023. On February 1, 2023, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On February 2, 2023, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name, which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to Complainant on February 2, 2023, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. Complainant filed an amended Complaint in English on February 7, 2023. On February 2, 2023, the Center sent an email in English and Chinese to the Parties regarding the language of the proceeding. Complainant requested that English be the language of the proceeding on February 7, 2023. Respondent did not comment on the language of the proceeding. The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy" or "UDRP"), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Supplemental Rules"). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified Respondent in English and Chinese of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on February 8, 2023. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was February 28, 2023. Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified Respondent's default on March 1, 2023. page 2 The Center appointed Yijun Tian as the sole panelist in this matter on March 14, 2023. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. 4. Factual Background A. Complainant Complainant, Brixmor Property Group, Inc., is a company incorporated in the USA. It is well-known for operating high-quality shopping centres that create neighbourhood gathering spaces. It also regularly partners with localities to upgrade aging infrastructure and provide unique licensing opportunities to small and large businesses (Exhibit 2 to the Complaint). Complainant has exclusive rights in BRIXMOR and BRIXMOR-related marks (hereinafter "BRIXMOR marks"). Complainant is the exclusive owner of numerous BRIXMOR marks, including a USA trademark registration for BRIXMOR registered on January 1, 2013 (the US trademark registration number 4269899); and a USA trademark registration for BRIXMOR PROPERTY GROUP registered on August 19, 2014 (the US trademark registration number 4589095). Moreover, Complainant owns and operates domain names which contain the BRIXMOR mark in its entirety, such as , registered in 2011 (Exhibit 6 to the Complaint). B. Respondent Respondent is 杨智超 (Zhi Chao Yang), China. The disputed domain name was registered on October 5, 2022, long after the BRIXMOR marks were registered (since 2013). The disputed domain name resolves to a pay-per-click ("PPC") website in English, which contains links for services that compete with Complainant, including links labelled "Commercial Space for Rent", "Retail Space for Lease", and "Retail Space for Rent". 5. Parties' Contentions A. Complainant Complainant contends that the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the BRIXMOR trademark. The disputed domain name is almost identical to Complainant's BRIXMOR mark and domain name, with only an extra letter "o" and the generic Top-Level Domain ("gTLD") ".com" added. These slight differences do not prevent a finding of confusing similarity. Complainant contends that Respondent does not have any rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Complainant contends that Respondent has registered and used the disputed domain name in bad faith. Complainant requests that the disputed domain name be transferred to Complainant. B. Respondent Respondent did not reply to Complainant's contentions. page 3 6. Discussion and Findings 6.1. Language of the Proceeding The language of the Registration Agreement for the disputed domain name is Chinese. Pursuant to the Rules, paragraph 11(a), in the absence of an agreement between the Parties, or specified otherwise in the Registration Agreement, the language of the administrative proceeding shall be the language of the Registration Agreement. From the evidence presented on the record, no agreement appears to have been entered into between Complainant and Respondent to the effect that the language of the proceeding should be English. Complainant initially filed its Complaint in English, and has requested that English be the language of the proceeding for the following main reasons: a) Respondent has displayed proficiency in the English language, as the disputed domain name comprises of English words written in Latin characters. b) The disputed domain name is a variation of Complainant's legitimate English-language domain name, , created with the intent of typosquatting. c) Complainant's website, "www.brixmor.com", which is available globally, is written in English and explains Complainant's services in English. This demonstrates that Respondent had sufficient knowledge of English to understand Complainant's services, trademarks, and reputable image. d) Holding the proceedings in Chinese would cause undue hardship for Complainant, whose primary language is not Chinese. It would also lead to unnecessary delays in the proceedings. Respondent did not make any submissions with respect to the language of the proceeding and did not object to the use of English as the language of the proceeding. Paragraph 11(a) of the Rules allows the panel to determine the language of the proceeding having regard to all the circumstances. In particular, it is established practice to take paragraphs 10(b) and (c) of the Rules into consideration for the purpose of determining the language of the proceeding. In other words, it is important to ensure fairness to the parties and the maintenance of an inexpensive and expeditious avenue for resolving domain name disputes (Whirlpool Corporation, Whirlpool Properties, Inc. v. Hui'erpu (HK) electrical appliance co. ltd., WIPO Case No. D2008-0293; Solvay S.A. v. Hyun-Jun Shin, WIPO Case No. D2006-0593). The language finally decided by the panel for the proceeding should not be prejudicial to either one of the parties in its abilities to articulate the arguments for the case (Groupe Auchan v. xmxzl, WIPO Case No. DCC2006-0004). WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition ("WIPO Overview 3.0") further states: "Noting the aim of conducting the proceedings with due expedition, paragraph 10 of the UDRP Rules vests a panel with authority to conduct the proceedings in a manner it considers appropriate while also ensuring both that the parties are treated with equality, and that each party is given a fair opportunity to present its case. Against this background, panels have found that certain scenarios may warrant proceeding in a language other than that of the registration agreement. Such scenarios include (i) evidence showing that the respondent can understand the language of the complaint, (ii) the language/script of the domain name particularly where the same as that of the complainant's mark, (iii) any content on the webpage under the disputed domain name, (iv) prior cases involving the respondent in a particular language, (v) prior correspondence between the parties, (vi) potential unfairness or unwarranted delay in ordering the complainant to translate the complaint, (vii) evidence of other respondent-controlled domain names registered, used, or corresponding to a particular language, (viii) in cases involving multiple domain names, the use of a particular language agreement for some (but not all) of the disputed domain names, (ix) currencies accepted on the webpage under the disputed domain name, or (x) other indicia tending to show that it would not be unfair to proceed in a language other than that of the registration agreement." (WIPO Overview 3.0, section 4.5.1; see also L'Oreal S.A. v. MUNHYUNJA, WIPO Case No. D2003-0585). page 4 The Panel has taken into consideration the facts that Complainant is a company from the USA, and Complainant will be spared the burden of working in Chinese as the language of the proceeding. The Panel has also taken into consideration the fact that the disputed domain name includes Latin characters ("brixmoor"), and is registered in the gTLD space comprising of the Latin characters ".com" (Compagnie Gervais Danone v. Xiaole Zhang, WIPO Case No. D2008-1047). On the record, Respondent appears to be a Chinese resident and is thus presumably not a native English speaker. However, considering the following, the Panel has decided that English should be the language of the proceeding: (a) the disputed domain name includes Latin characters ("brixmoor"), rather than Chinese script; (b) the gTLD of the disputed domain name is ".com", so the disputed domain name seems to be prepared for users worldwide, particularly English speaking countries; (c) the disputed domain name is resolved to an English website, which contains links labelled in English, such as "Commercial Space for Rent", "Retail Space for Lease", and "Retail Space for Rent"; (d) the Center has notified Respondent of the proceeding in both Chinese and English, and Respondent has indicated no objection to Complainant's request that English be the language of the proceeding; and (e) the Center informed the Parties, in English and Chinese, that it would accept a Response in either English or Chinese. The Panel would have accepted a response in Chinese, but none was filed. Accordingly, the Panel finds the choice of English as the language of the present proceeding is fair to both Parties and is not prejudicial to either one of the Parties in its ability to articulate the arguments for this case. Having considered all the matters above, the Panel determines under paragraph 11(a) of the Rules that English shall be the language of the proceeding, and the decision will be rendered in English. 6.2. Substantial Issues Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy requires that Complainant must prove each of the following three elements to obtain an order that the disputed domain name should be cancelled or transferred: (i) the disputed domain name registered by Respondent is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which Complainant has rights; and (ii) Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and (iii) the disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith. On the basis of the evidence introduced by Complainant and in particular with regard to the content of the relevant provisions of the Policy (paragraphs 4(a)-(c)), the Panel concludes as follows: A. Identical or Confusingly Similar The Panel finds that Complainant has rights in the BRIXMOR marks. The BRIXMOR marks have been registered internationally, including a US trademark registration for BRIXMOR registered since January 2013. The Panel finds that the essential part of the disputed domain name ("brixmoor") differs from Complainant's trademark BRIXMOR by only one letter - only an extra letter "o" after the first occurrence of the letter "o". This does not eliminate the confusing similarity between Complainant's registered trademarks and the disputed domain name either (Walgreen Co. v. Lin yanxiao / Linyanxiao, WIPO Case No. D2016-1605). Previous UDRP panels have consistently held that a domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark for purposes of the Policy "when the domain name includes the trademark, or a confusingly similar approximation, regardless of the other terms in the domain name". (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Richard MacLeod d/b/a For Sale, WIPO Case No. D2000-0662). page 5 Moreover, as to "typosquatting", section 1.9 of WIPO Overview 3.0 states: "A domain name which consists of a common, obvious, or intentional misspelling of a trademark is considered by panels to be confusingly similar to the relevant mark for purposes of the first element." As the essential part of the disputed domain name ("brixmoor") is a one letter typographical error of Complainant's BRIXMOR trademark, the Panel finds the disputed domain name must be considered a prototypical example of typosquatting (Accenture Global Services Limited v. 石磊 (Lei Shi), WIPO Case No. D2020-1568). Thus, the Panel finds that the one letter typographical error of Complainant's BRIXMOR trademark does not prevent the confusing similarity between the disputed domain name and the BRIXMOR marks. Further, in relation to the gTLD suffix, WIPO Overview 3.0 further states: "The applicable Top Level Domain ('TLD') in a domain name (e.g., '.com', '.club', '.nyc') is viewed as a standard registration requirement and as such is disregarded under the first element confusing similarity test." (WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.11.1.) The Panel therefore holds that the Complaint fulfils the first condition of paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. B. Rights or Legitimate Interests Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy provides a list of circumstances any of which is sufficient to demonstrate that Respondent has rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name: (i) before any notice to Respondent of the dispute, the use by Respondent of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or (ii) Respondent has been commonly known by the disputed domain name, even if Respondent has acquired no trademark or service mark rights; or (iii) Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish Complainant's trademarks. The overall burden of proof on this element rests with Complainant. However, it is well established by previous UDRP panel decisions that once a complainant establishes a prima facie case that a respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in a domain name, the burden of production shifts to the respondent to rebut complainant's contentions. If the respondent fails to do so, a complainant is deemed to have satisfied paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy. (Danzas Holding AG, DHL Operations B.V. v. Ma Shikai, WIPO Case No. D2008-0441; WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.1 and cases cited therein). The BRIXMOR marks have been registered in the USA since January 2013 and August 2014 respectively, which precede Respondent's registration of the disputed domain name (in October 2022). According to the Complaint, Complainant is well-known for operating high-quality shopping centres that create neighbourhood gathering spaces. It also regularly partners with localities to upgrade aging infrastructure and provide unique licensing opportunities to small and large businesses. Moreover, Respondent is not an authorized dealer of BRIXMOR branded products or services. Complainant has therefore established a prima facie case that Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name and thereby shifted the burden to Respondent to produce evidence to rebut this presumption (The Argento Wine Company Limited v. Argento Beijing Trading Company, WIPO Case No. D2009-0610; Do The Hustle, LLC v. Tropic Web, WIPO Case No. D2000-0624; Croatia Airlines d.d. v. Modern Empire Internet Ltd., WIPO Case No. D2003-0455). Based on the following reasons the Panel finds that Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name: page 6 (a) There has been no evidence adduced to show that Respondent is using the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services. Respondent has not provided evidence of legitimate use of the disputed domain name or reasons to justify the choice of the term "brixmoor" (misspelled "brixmor") in the disputed domain name and in his/her business operation. There has been no evidence to show that Complainant has licensed or otherwise permitted Respondent to use the BRIXMOR marks or to apply for or use any domain name incorporating the BRIXMOR marks. (b) There has been no evidence adduced to show that Respondent has been commonly known by the disputed domain name. There has been no evidence adduced to show that Respondent has any registered trademark rights with respect to the disputed domain name. Respondent registered the disputed domain name in 2022, long after the BRIXMOR marks became widely known. The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the BRIXMOR marks. (c) There has been no evidence adduced to show that Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name. By contrast, the disputed domain name resolves to a PPC website, which contains links for services that compete with Complainant, including links labeled "Commercial Space for Rent", "Retail Space for Lease", and "Retail Space for Rent". It seems that Respondent is making profits through the Internet traffic attracted to the website under the disputed domain name. (See BKS Bank AG v. Jianwei Guo, WIPO Case No. D2017-1041; BASF SE v. Hong Fu Chen, Chen Hong Fu, WIPO Case No. D2017-2203.) The Panel notes that Respondent has not produced any evidence to establish his/her rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Accordingly, Complainant has established that Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The Panel therefore holds that the Complaint fulfils the second condition of paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out four circumstances, which, without limitation, shall be evidence of the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith, namely: (i) circumstances indicating that Respondent has registered or acquired the disputed domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the disputed domain name registration to Complainant who is the owner of the trademark or service mark or to a competitor of Complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of Respondent's documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the disputed domain name; or (ii) Respondent has registered the disputed domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trademark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that Respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or (iii) Respondent has registered the disputed domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or (iv) by using the disputed domain name, Respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to Respondent's website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with Complainant's mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of Respondent's website or location or of a product or service on the website or location. The Panel concludes that the circumstances referred to in paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy are applicable to the present case and upon the evidence of these circumstances and other relevant circumstances, it is adequate to conclude that Respondent has registered and used the disputed domain name in bad faith. page 7 (a) Registration in Bad Faith The Panel finds that Complainant has a widespread reputation as a well-known company operating high-quality shopping centres that create neighbourhood gathering spaces. As mentioned above, BRIXMOR marks are registered internationally, including in the US (since January 2013). It is not conceivable that Respondent would not have had actual notice of the BRIXMOR marks at the time of the registration of the disputed domain name (in October 2022). Particularly, given that the disputed domain name is a one letter typographical error of Complainant's BRIXMOR trademark, it is evident that Respondent intentionally sought to target Complainant and mislead unsuspecting Internet users unaware of this minor difference in the disputed domain name as compared to the BRIXMOR trademark. The Panel therefore finds that the BRIXMOR mark is not one that a trader could legitimately adopt other than for the purpose of creating an impression of an association with Complainant (The Argento Wine Company Limited v. Argento Beijing Trading Company, supra). Moreover, Respondent has chosen not to respond to Complainant's allegations. According to the UDRP decision in The Argento Wine Company Limited v. Argento Beijing Trading Company, supra, "the failure of the Respondent to respond to the Complaint further supports an inference of bad faith". See also Bayerische Motoren Werke AG v. (This Domain is For Sale) Joshuathan Investments, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2002-0787. Thus, the Panel concludes that the disputed domain name was registered in bad faith. (b) Use in Bad Faith Respondent is using the website resolved by the disputed domain name to provide links for services that compete with Complainant, including links labeled "Commercial Space for Rent", "Retail Space for Lease", and "Retail Space for Rent". Thus, the Panel concludes that Respondent is currently using the confusingly similar disputed domain name with the intention to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to Respondent's website. Given the reputation of the BRIXMOR marks, the Panel finds that the public is likely to be confused into thinking that the disputed domain name has a connection with Complainant, contrary to the fact. There is a strong likelihood of confusion as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement of the website to which the disputed domain name resolves. In other words, Respondent has through the use of a confusingly similar disputed domain name created a likelihood of confusion with the BRIXMOR marks. Moreover, as mentioned above, the disputed domain name resolves to a PPC website, which contains links for services that compete with Complainant, including links labeled "Commercial Space for Rent", "Retail Space for Lease", and "Retail Space for Rent". The Panel therefore concludes that the disputed domain name was registered and is being used by Respondent in bad faith. Such use of the disputed domain name is also disruptive in relation to the interests of Complainant. In summary, Respondent, by choosing to register and use the disputed domain name, which is confusingly similar to the BRIXMOR marks, intended to ride on the goodwill of this trademark in an attempt to exploit, for commercial gain, Internet users destined for Complainant. In the absence of evidence to the contrary and rebuttal from Respondent, the choice of the disputed domain name and the conduct of Respondent as far as the website to which the disputed domain name resolves is indicative of registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith. The Panel therefore holds that the Complaint fulfils the third condition of paragraph 4(a) of the Policy. page 8 7. Decision For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name be transferred to Complainant. /Yijun Tian/ Yijun Tian Sole Panelist Dated: April 5, 2023
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