ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION CENTER ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION Crédit Industriel et Commercial S.A. and Confédération Nationale Du Crédit Mutuel v. Kallaa kallaa, ROUSS Case No. D2023-4633 1. The Parties The Complainants are Crédit Industriel et Commercial S.A., France (the " First Complainant ") and Confédération Nationale Du Crédit Mutuel (the " Second Complainant "), France, represented by MEYER & Partenaires, France. The Respondent is Kallaa kallaa, ROUSS, France. 2. The Domain Names and Registrar The disputed domain names and (the "Disputed Domain Names") are registered with PSI-USA, Inc. dba Domain Robot (the "Registrar"). 3. Procedural History The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center") on November 8, 2023. On November 9, 2023, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the Disputed Domain Names. On November 10, 2023, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the Disputed Domain Names which differed from the named Respondent (Contact PrivateName Services inc.) and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on November 10, 2023, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on November 15, 2023. The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy" or "UDRP"), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Supplemental Rules"). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on November 16, 2023. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was December 6, 2023. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent's default on December 8, 2023. page 2 The Center appointed Christiane Féral-Schuhl as the sole panelist in this matter on December 15, 2023. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. 4. Factual Background The First Complainant is one of the oldest French banking establishments and was founded in 1959. The Second Complainant is part of a French banking group which is the second French banking and insurance services group. The First Complainant is the owner of several registered trademarks incorporating the letters "CIC" which are an acronym of its corporate name "Crédit industriel et commercial" (the "CIC Trademarks") including: - the French wordmark C.I.C No. 1358524, registered on June 10, 1986, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 35 and 36; - the European Union wordmark "CIC" No. 005891411, registered on May 10, 2007, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 9, 16, 35 and 36; - the European Union semi-figurative trademark No. 011355328, registered on March 26, 2013, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 9, 16, 35 and 36. The First Complainant is also the owner of several domain names using only the CIC Trademarks. The Second Complainant is the owner of several registered trademarks incorporating its business name (the "CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks") including: - the French semi-figurative trademark No. 1475940 registered on July 8, 1988, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 35 and 36; - the French semi-figurative trademark No. 1646012 registered on November 20, 1990, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 16, 35, 36, 38 and 41; - the European Union wordmark CRÉDIT MUTUEL No. 009943135 registered on October 20, 2011, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 9, 16, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42 and 45; - the international semi-figurative trademark No. 570182 registered on May 17, 1991, and regularly renewed for products and services in classes 16, 35, 36, 38 and 41. The Second Complainant is also the owner of several domain names incorporating the CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks. The Disputed Domain Names were registered on October 19, 2023, and at the time of the Complaint and Decision resolve to active webpages copying the login pages of the Complainants. The Disputed Domain Names' registrant is a natural person appearing to be located in France. However, it appears the Respondent has given fake contact details when registering the Disputed Domain Names. page 3 5. Parties' Contentions A. Complainants The Complainants contend that they have satisfied each of the elements required under the Policy for a transfer of the Disputed Domain Names. Notably, the Complainants contend that the Disputed Domain Names are identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which the Complainants have rights. The Complainants have established that they respectively own trademarks incorporating their business names. The Complainants first asserts that the generic TopLevel-Domains ("gTLD") of the Disputed Domain Names must not be taken into account to assess the confusing similarity. The Complainants explain that the radicals of the Disputed Domain Names respectively reproduce the CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks. The Complainants consider that the mere association of the French words "espace client" and "banque en ligne" that are translated into "client space" and "online bank" cannot distinguish the Disputed Domain Names from the Complainant's Trademarks since these words are descriptive and are usually used for online securities activities such as banking services. Then, the Complainants submit that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the Disputed Domain Names. The Complainants explain that they have not licensed nor authorized the Respondent to make any use of their trademarks for registering the Disputed Domain Names. They also submit that they are not related to the Respondent and add that the latter is not known under the Complainants' trademarks. The Complainants highlight the fact the Respondent used fictitious a name and contact details when registering the Disputed Domain Names. The Complainants assert that they have prior rights in the CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks that precede the registration of the Disputed Domain Names. Moreover, the Complainants stand that the Disputed Domain Names resolve to active webpages copying the login pages of the Complainants and that sometimes, depending on the browsers used, they redirect to Google's front page. For the Complainants, this redirection is meant to mislead the Complainants and the Panel into thinking that the Disputed Domain Names are not currently fraudulently used. Finally, the Complainants stand that the Disputed Domain Names were registered and are being used in bad faith. The Complainants highlight the strong reputation of their CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks which have been registered before the registration of the Disputed Domain Names. For the Complainants, the Respondent could not ignore the existence of the Complainants and of their trademarks since a simple search of the Disputed Domain Names in a search engine leads to results about the Complainants. The Complainants consider that the addition of generic words to the Disputed Domain Names strongly suggests a connection with them. Finally, the Complainants highlight that the Disputed Domain Names redirect to a copy of the Complainants' official websites' login pages. This use can mislead Internet users into thinking that they accessed the official websites of the Complainants and can lead to potential thief of their login and password to access their banking account. B. Respondent The Respondent did not reply to the Complainants' contentions. 6. Discussion and Findings Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy provides that the Complainants shall prove the following three elements: (i) the Disputed Domain Names are identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainants have rights; (ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the Disputed Domain Names; and (iii) the Disputed Domain Names have been registered and are being used in bad faith. page 4 A. Identical or Confusingly Similar It is well accepted that the first element functions primarily as a standing requirement. The standing (or threshold) test for confusing similarity involves a reasoned but relatively straightforward comparison between the Complainant's trademark and the disputed domain name. WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition, ("WIPO Overview 3.0"), section 1.7. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the Complainants have shown rights in respect of a trademark or service mark for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.2.1. The Panel finds the entirety of the CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks is reproduced within the Disputed Domain Names. Accordingly, the Disputed Domain Names are confusingly similar to the mark for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.7. The Panel finds the marks are recognizable within the Disputed Domain Names. Accordingly, the Disputed Domain Names is confusingly similar to the marks for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.7. Although the addition of other terms here, "espace client" or "banque en ligne" may bear on assessment of the second and third elements, the Panel finds the addition of such terms with the use of hyphens does not prevent a finding of confusing similarity between the Disputed Domain Names and the mark for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.8. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the first element of the Policy has been established. B. Rights or Legitimate Interests Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy provides a list of circumstances in which the Respondent may demonstrate rights or legitimate interests in a disputed domain name. Although the overall burden of proof in UDRP proceedings is on the complainant, panels have recognized that proving a respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in a domain name may result in the difficult task of "proving a negative", requiring information that is often primarily within the knowledge or control of the respondent. As such, where a complainant makes out a prima facie case that the respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests, the burden of production on this element shifts to the respondent to come forward with relevant evidence demonstrating rights or legitimate interests in the domain name (although the burden of proof always remains on the complainant). If the respondent fails to come forward with such relevant evidence, the complainant is deemed to have satisfied the second element. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.1. Having reviewed the available record, the Panel finds the Complainants have established a prima facie case that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the Disputed Domain Names. The Respondent has not rebutted the Complainants' prima facie showing and has not come forward with any relevant evidence demonstrating rights or legitimate interests in the Disputed Domain Names such as those enumerated in the Policy or otherwise. Indeed, it appears that the Respondent has not received any authorization to use the CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks in any manner, including for the registration of the Disputed Domain Names. Panels have held that the use of a domain name for illegal activity, here phishing and, impersonation/passing off as the Complainants can never confer rights or legitimate interests on a respondent. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.13.1. page 5 The Panel points out that the Disputed Doman Names both redirect to a copy of the Complainants' official websites' login pages, or depending on the browser used, to Google's front page. It appears from the way the Disputed Domain Names are used that the Respondent is not using the Disputed Domain Names with a bona fide offering of goods or services, nor is the Respondent making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the Disputed Domain Names without intent for commercial gain. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the second element of the Policy has been established. C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith The Panel notes that, for the purposes of paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy, paragraph 4(b) of the Policy establishes circumstances, in particular, but without limitation, that, if found by the Panel to be present, shall be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith. In the present case, the Panel notes that the Respondent has registered the Disputed Domain Names well after the registration of the CIC and CREDIT MUTUEL Trademarks by the Complainants. Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy sets out a list of non-exhaustive circumstances that may indicate that a domain name was registered and used in bad faith, but other circumstances may be relevant in assessing whether a respondent's registration and use of a domain name is in bad faith. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 3.2.1. Panels have held that the use of a domain name for illegal activity here phishing, and impersonation/passing off as the Complainants constitutes bad faith. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 3.4. Having reviewed the record, the Panel finds the Respondent's registration and use of the Disputed Domain Names constitutes bad faith under the Policy. Indeed, the Disputed Domain Names both redirect to a copy of the Complainants' official login page which is evidence that the Respondent is trying to pass off as the Complainants. There is a high risk the Disputed Domain Names are used as part of a phishing scheme to obtain Internet users' credentials to log on the Complainants' official online accounts. Such use can be detrimental for Internet users given the sensitive nature of the services provided by the Complainants. Based on the available record, the Panel finds that the Complainants have established the third element of the Policy. 7. Decision For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the Disputed Domain Names and be transferred to the Complainants. /Christiane Féral-Schuhl/ Christiane Féral-Schuhl Sole Panelist Date: December 27, 2023
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