ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION CENTER ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION SKYFIRST Ltd v. Mohammad JIBAWI Case No. DCO2023-0072 1. The Parties The Complainant is SKYFIRST Ltd, Malta, represented by IPSILON IP, France. The Respondent is Mohammad JIBAWI, United Arab Emirates. 2. The Domain Name and Registrar The disputed domain name (the "Domain Name") is registered with GoDaddy.com, LLC (the "Registrar"). 3. Procedural History The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center") on August 7, 2023. On August 9, 2023, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the Domain Name. On August 10, 2023, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the Domain Name which differed from the named Respondent (Domains By Proxy, LLC) and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on August 11, 2023 providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on August 14, 2023. The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy" or "UDRP"), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Supplemental Rules"). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on August 17, 2023. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was September 6, 2023. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent's default on September 8, 2023. The Center appointed Nicholas Smith as the sole panelist in this matter on September 18, 2023. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the page 2 Rules, paragraph 7. 4. Factual Background The Complainant is a company based in Malta, that operates charter and aircraft management services under the trademark SKYFIRST (the "SKYFIRST Mark"). The Complainant has traded since at least 2011 and advertises its services from its website at "www.skyfirst.aero". The Complainant has held trademark registrations for the SKYFIRST Mark in various jurisdictions since 2011, including a European Union registration for the SKYFIRST Mark, registered on August 17, 2011 (No. 009790957, for goods and services in classes 12 and 39). The Domain Name was registered on August 6, 2019. The Domain Name is presently inactive but prior to the commencement of the proceeding resolved to a website (the "Respondent's Website") that reproduces the SKYFIRST Mark and purports to offer a variety of services, including charter and aviation management services in competition with the Complainant. The entity operating the Respondent's Website is said to be a company registered in Greece known as Skyfirst Aviation Services, but there is uncontested evidence in the Complaint that no such entity exists in Greece. 5. Parties' Contentions A. Complainant The Complainant contends that it has satisfied each of the elements required under the Policy for a transfer of the Domain Name. Notably, the Complainant contends that: a) It is the owner of the SKYFIRST Mark, having registered the SKYFIRST Mark in the United Kingdom and European Union. The Domain Name is identical to the SKYFIRST Mark as it reproduces the SKYFIRST Mark in its entirety and with the addition of the country code Top-Level Domain ("ccTLD") ".co". b) There are no rights or legitimate interests held by the Respondent in respect of the Domain Name. The Complainant has not granted any license or authorization for the Respondent to use the SKYFIRST Mark. The Respondent is not commonly known by the SKYFIRST Mark, nor does it use the Domain Name for a bona fide purpose or legitimate noncommercial purpose. Rather, the Respondent is using the Domain Name for commercial gain by offering aviation services in direct competition with the Complainant under the Complainant's SKYFIRST Mark. Such use is not a legitimate use of the Domain Name. c) The Domain Name was registered and is being used in bad faith. The Respondent is using the Domain Name to divert Internet users searching for the Complainant to the Respondent's Website for commercial gain. Such conduct amounts to registration and use of the Domain Name in bad faith. B. Respondent The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant's contentions. page 3 6. Discussion and Findings A. Identical or Confusingly Similar It is well accepted that the first element functions primarily as a standing requirement. The standing (or threshold) test for confusing similarity involves a reasoned but relatively straightforward comparison between the complainant's trademark and the domain Name. WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition, ("WIPO Overview 3.0"), section 1.7. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the Complainant has shown rights in respect of the SKYFIRST Mark for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.2.1. The Panel finds the entirety of the SKYFIRST Mark is reproduced within the Domain Name with only the addition of the ccTLD ".co". Accordingly, the Domain Name is identical to the mark for the purposes of the Policy. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.7. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the first element of the Policy has been established. B. Rights or Legitimate Interests Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy provides a list of circumstances in which the Respondent may demonstrate rights or legitimate interests in a disputed domain name. While the overall burden of proof in UDRP proceedings is on the complainant, panels have recognized that proving a respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in a domain name may result in the often impossible task of "proving a negative", requiring information that is often primarily within the knowledge or control of the respondent. As such, where a complainant makes out a prima facie case that the respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests, the burden of production on this element shifts to the respondent to come forward with relevant evidence demonstrating rights or legitimate interests in the domain name. If the respondent fails to come forward with such relevant evidence, the complainant is deemed to have satisfied the second element. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.1. Having reviewed the record, the Panel finds the Complainant has established a prima facie case that the Respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in the Domain Name. The Respondent has not rebutted the Complainant's prima facie showing and has not come forward with any relevant evidence demonstrating rights or legitimate interests in the Domain Name. The Panel considers that the record of this case reflects that: - before any notice to the Respondent of the dispute, the Respondent did not use, nor has it made demonstrable preparations to use, the Domain Name or a name corresponding to the Domain Name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services. Paragraph 4(c)(i) of the Policy, and WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.2. - the Respondent (as an individual, business, or other organization) has not been commonly known by the Domain Name. Paragraph 4(c)(ii) of the Policy, and WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.3. - the Respondent is not making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the Domain Name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue. Paragraph 4(c)(iii) of the Policy, and WIPO Overview 3.0, section 2.4. - the record contains no other factors demonstrating rights or legitimate interests of the Respondent in the Domain Name. page 4 The Panel accepts the Complainant's unchallenged evidence that there is no entity known as Skyfirst Aviation Services based in Greece as the Complaint includes search results from the Central Association of Chambers of Commerce in Greece. The Respondent's use of the Domain Name, which is identical to the mark of the Complainant, to resolve to a webpage offering aviation services, including charter services in direct competition with the charter offered by the Complainant under the SKYFIRST Mark does not amount to use for a bona fide offering of goods and services. Rather, it appears that the purpose behind the Respondent's conduct is to misappropriate the fame and reputation of the SKYFIRST Mark to increase the number of visitors to the Respondent's Website for its commercial gain, such conduct not being bona fide. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the second element of the Policy has been established. C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith The Panel notes that for the purposes of paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy, paragraph 4(b) of the Policy establishes circumstances, in particular but without limitation, that if found by the Panel to be present, shall be evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith. The Panel considers that the record of this case reflects that the Respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant's mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent's website or location or of a product or service on the Respondent's website or location. Paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy, and WIPO Overview 3.0, section 3.1.4. The Panel finds on the balance of probabilities that the Respondent must have been aware of the Complainant and its reputation in the SKYFIRST Mark at the time the Respondent registered the Domain Name. The Complainant had traded in the aviation industry for a number of years prior to the registration of the Domain Name. The Respondent has provided no explanation, and neither it is immediately obvious, why an entity would register a domain name identical to the SKYFIRST Mark and direct it to a website offering competing charter services unless there was an awareness of and an intention to create a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant and its SKYFIRST Mark. The Respondent's Website purports to offer aviation services, including charter services in direct competition with the Complainant. Noting the absence of any explanation for the registration, the Panel considers that the most likely explanation is that the Respondent is using the Domain Name to intentionally attempt to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the SKYFIRST Mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the Respondent's Website. Based on the available record, the Panel finds the third element of the Policy has been established. 7. Decision For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the Domain Name be transferred to the Complainant. /Nicholas Smith/ Nicholas Smith Sole Panelist Date: September 28, 2023
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